Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to modifiable factors: summary and conclusions

Whiteman, David C.; Webb, Penelope M.; Green, A.C.; Neale, Rachel E.; Fritschi, Lin; Bain, Christopher; Dm, Parkin; Wilson, Louise F.; Olsen, Catherine M.; Nagle, Christina M.; Pandeya, Nirmala; Jordan, Susan J.; Antonsson, Annika; Kendall, Bradley J.; Hughes, M. C.; Ibiebele, Torukiri I; Miura, Kyoko; Peters, Susan; Carey, Renee

doi:10.1111/1753-6405.12471

Cited by 99 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In Australia, about 32% of cancers in 2010 were estimated to be attributable to 13 modifiable factors. 29 This estimate is lower than both our estimate for Alberta and the UK estimate. 28 Although the Australian work also estimated that tobacco smoke was responsible for the highest proportion of cancer cases (13.4% overall, 15.8% in men, 10.1% in women), among men and women combined, the next leading risk factors were solar radiation, inadequate diet and overweight/obesity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

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Cancer incidence attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in Alberta in 2012: summary of results

et al. 2017

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T his paper is the last in a series of manuscripts estimating the proportion of cancer cases attributable to modifiable lifestyle and environmental risk factors in the general population of Alberta in 2012. The methodologic framework for this series has been previously described, 1 and detailed exposure-specific results are given in individual articles in this journal. 2-11A total of 16 330 new cancer cases were diagnosed and 5817 cancer deaths occurred in Alberta in 2012. Cancer was the second-leading cause of death in the province in 2012, accounting for 27% of all deaths. 12Population attributable risk is used to estimate the proportion of cases of a disease that can be attributed to an individual risk factor, and when multiple population attributable risk estimates are considered together, they can provide an estimate of the total disease burden attributable to a group of risk factors. In the cancer context, data on population attributable risk can inform cancer-prevention activities by identifying exposures that have the largest impact on disease incidence as well as estimating the proportion of cases that can be attributed to groups of known risk factors. Previously, Parkin and colleagues 13-27 estimated individual population attributable risks for several modifiable lifestyle and environmental cancer risk factors in the United Kingdom and estimated that, overall, 42.7% of cancer cases diagnosed in the UK in 2010 were Background: Estimates of the proportion of cancer cases that can be attributed to modifiable risk factors are not available for Canada and, more specifically, Alberta. The purpose of this study was to estimate the total proportion of cancer cases in Alberta in 2012 that could be attributed to a set of 24 modifiable lifestyle and environmental risk factors.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…28 A similar exercise in Australia showed that 32% of cancer cases in 2010 were attributable to established causal cancer risk factors. 29 To our knowledge, no similar systematic approach has been used in Canada or, more specifically, Alberta.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cancer incidence attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in Alberta in 2012: summary of results

et al. 2017

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“…1 Body fatness is associated with an increased risk of cancer and other noncommunicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. 2,3 The worldwide prevalence of obesity more than doubled between 1980 and 2014 3 , and, in Australia, 63% of the adult population is overweight or obese.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support for food policy initiatives is associated with knowledge of obesity-related cancer risk factors

Watson¹,

Weber²,

Hughes³

et al. 2017

Public Health Res Pract

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Objectives: To investigate community support for government-led policy initiatives to positively influence the food environment, and to identify whether there is a relationship between support for food policy initiatives and awareness of the link between obesity-related lifestyle risk factors and cancer.Methods: An online survey of knowledge of cancer risk factors and attitudes to policy initiatives that influence the food environment was completed by 2474 adults from New South Wales, Australia. The proportion of participants in support of seven food policy initiatives was quantified in relation to awareness of the link between obesity, poor diet, insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical inactivity with cancer and other health conditions.Results: Overall, policies that involved taxing unhealthy foods received the least support (41.5%). Support was highest for introducing a colour-coded food labelling system (85.9%), restricting claims being made about the health benefits of foods which are, overall, unhealthy (82.6%), displaying health warning labels on unhealthy foods (78.7%) and banning unhealthy food advertising that targets children (72.6%). Participants who were aware that obesity-related lifestyle factors are related to cancer were significantly more likely to support food policy initiatives than those who were unaware. Only 17.5% of participants were aware that obesity, poor diet, insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical inactivity are linked to cancer. Conclusions:There is strong support for all policies related to food labelling and a policy banning unhealthy food advertising to children. Support for food policy initiatives that positively influence the food environment was higher among those who were aware of the link between cancer and obesity-related lifestyle factors than among those who were unaware of this link. Increasing awareness of the link between obesity-related lifestyle factors and cancer could increase community support for food policy initiatives, which, in turn, support the population to maintain a healthy weight. Key points Support for food policy initiatives is• We describe the results of an online survey of knowledge of cancer risk factors and attitudes to policy initiatives that influence the food environment • There was strong support for policies to improve food labelling (>78% of participants agreed or strongly agreed) and restrict advertising of unhealthy food to children (72%) • Awareness of the link between both overweight/obesity and lack of physical activity and cancer was low (40% and 24%, respectively) • Those who were aware of the link between cancer and obesity-related lifestyle factors were more likely to support food policy initiatives that positively influence the food environment

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“…It is estimated that one-third of all cancers in Australia and close to half of all new cancer diagnoses in the United States could be prevented through lifestyle modification (Colditz & Sutcliffe, 2016;Whiteman et al, 2015). Alcohol consumption, in particular, has been associated with increased risk of a range of cancers, including oropharyngeal, oesophageal, colorectal and breast cancer (Bagnardi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the provision of alcohol advice by clinicians to breast cancer patients

2017

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Funding informationThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.Interactions between clinicians and patients along the cancer trajectory provide an opportunity to deliver key messages regarding drinking behaviours and long-term health.This study aimed to explore the extent and nature of clinician-patient discussions regarding alcohol intake and cancer outcomes in the clinical breast cancer setting, using a qualitative research design involving semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 27 breast cancer clinicians (eight dietitians, nine breast care nurses, 10 oncologists) across Victoria, Australia. Interview data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a content analysis approach. Clinicians' knowledge of national alcohol recommendations was found to be inconsistent. Clinicians reported a lack of patient awareness of the link between alcohol and breast cancer. Current frameworks for assessing and advising on patient alcohol intake were felt to be impractical. The extent and nature of advice provided about alcohol was influenced by several patient and clinician factors. The provision of alcohol advice in the clinical breast cancer setting is not practiced systematically by any professional group. New approaches are needed to support patient education about alcohol intake and survivorship in the clinical oncology setting. K E Y W O R D Salcohol, breast cancer, health professionals, lifestyle advice, survivorship

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Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to modifiable factors: summary and conclusions

Cited by 99 publications

References 20 publications

Cancer incidence attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in Alberta in 2012: summary of results

Cancer incidence attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in Alberta in 2012: summary of results

Support for food policy initiatives is associated with knowledge of obesity-related cancer risk factors

Exploring the provision of alcohol advice by clinicians to breast cancer patients

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