Cancer-Testis Antigens: A Novel Group of Tumor Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancers

Abstract

Context: Ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecological malignancy with no effective screening strategy for early detection. As most cases are being detected in advance stages, conventional therapies are not beneficial for the majority of patients. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are a group of tumor associated antigens with specific expression pattern in cancers which potentiate them for application as cancer biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy. Evidence Acquisition: We performed a computerized search of the MEDLINE/PUBMED databases with key words: ovarian cancer, cancer-testis antigen, biomarker and immunotherapy.

In Silico Analysis of Synaptonemal Complex Protein 1 (SYCP1) and Acrosin Binding Protein (ACRBP) Antigens to Design Novel Multiepitope Peptide Cancer Vaccine Against Breast Cancer

“…Therefore, a peptide vaccine consists of their immunodominant epitopes can exhibit high coverage for a vast variety of cancers. In cancer patients, activation of both cellular and humoral immune response against SYCP1 and ACRBP have been reported which demonstrate immunogenicity of these antigens in the autologous host (Taherian-Esfahani 2016). Cancer vaccines should be assessed by animal experiments before interring clinical trials.…”

“…SYCP1 and ACRBP are members of CTAs families in which the spontaneous immune responses against both of them have been detected in cancer patients (Taherian-Esfahani 2016). SYCP1 interacts with different proteins as a part of the synaptonemal complexes during meiosis and ACRBP participates in spermatogenesis and sperm capacitation (Whitehurst et al 2010;Costa et al 2005;Nielsen and Gjerstorff 2016).…”

The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Ovarian Cancer

“…For instance, estrogens participate in tumor progression by increasing cell proliferation in addition to enhancing invasion or cell mobility [2] . Based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular genetic studies, malignant epithelial tumors of ovary are classified into serous carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, clear-cell carcinoma, and mucinous carcinoma [3] . Dysgerminoma and teratoma are also two types of germ cell tumors of ovary [4] .…”

PBK is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in ovarian cancer: integrating bioinformatics and clinical analysis

“…Some CTAs are indispensable to tumor cell function such as pithelial-mesenchymal transformation and tumor-stem-cell proliferation in promoting tumor occurrence and metastasis. The restricted expression and inherent immunogenicity of CTAs render them ideal targets for cancer treatment (Albertsmeier et al 2020;Garcia-Soto et al 2017;Taherian-Esfahani et al 2016;Whitehurst et al 2010). Currently, at least 70 CTA families have been identified and included in the Cancer-Testis Database (CTdatabase), but the specific mechanisms regulating OC remain limited.…”