Cancer Risk of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation

Ali, Yasser; Cucinotta, Francis A.; Liu, Ning-Ang; Zhou, Guangming

doi:10.3389/fphy.2020.00234

Cited by 49 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The effects of radiation have long been believed to have a linear relationship with excess cancer risk. However, this has not been established for low-dose radiation [ 97 , 98 ]. A statistically significant increase in cancer induction has hardly been described with doses <100 mGy, even in cohort studies following atomic bomb survivors or following the Chernobyl disaster [ 97 , 98 ].…”

Section: General Effects Of Radiation On Dna/cancer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem here is that the carcinogenic effect of low-dose radiation requires a sufficient sample size to determine a significant increase in cancer rate. As Ali et al [ 98 ] stated: ‘if excess cancer death cases have been recorded in a sample size of 500 persons in response to 1000 mGy dose exposure, then a sample size of 50,000 would be needed for documenting the carcinogenic effect of 100 mGy, and ≈5 million for ten mGy dose. In other words, the sample size should increase as the inverse square of the dose in order to maintain the statistical precision and power.’ We do not yet have valuable information because it is estimated that an astronaut on a mission to Mars might exceed up to 1 Gy of radiation over 2.5 years (or 1.1 mGy per day).…”

Section: General Effects Of Radiation On Dna/cancer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, the sample size should increase as the inverse square of the dose in order to maintain the statistical precision and power.’ We do not yet have valuable information because it is estimated that an astronaut on a mission to Mars might exceed up to 1 Gy of radiation over 2.5 years (or 1.1 mGy per day). Moreover, it is unknown if the bystander effects and the protective effect of prior low-LET irradiation are also true for chronic, low-dose irradiation [ 98 , 99 ].…”

Section: General Effects Of Radiation On Dna/cancer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cancer Studies under Space Conditions: Finding Answers Abroad

et al. 2021

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In this review article, we discuss the current state of knowledge in cancer research under real and simulated microgravity conditions and point out further research directions in this field. Outer space is an extremely hostile environment for human life, with radiation, microgravity, and vacuum posing significant hazards. Although the risk for cancer in astronauts is not clear, microgravity plays a thought-provoking role in the carcinogenesis of normal and cancer cells, causing such effects as multicellular spheroid formation, cytoskeleton rearrangement, alteration of gene expression and protein synthesis, and apoptosis. Furthermore, deleterious effects of radiation on cells seem to be accentuated under microgravity. Ground-based facilities have been used to study microgravity effects in addition to laborious experiments during parabolic flights or on space stations. Some potential ‘gravisensors’ have already been detected, and further identification of these mechanisms of mechanosensitivity could open up ways for therapeutic influence on cancer growth and apoptosis. These novel findings may help to find new effective cancer treatments and to provide health protection for humans on future long-term spaceflights and exploration of outer space.

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Section: General Effects Of Radiation On Dna/cancer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Effects Of Radiation On Dna/cancer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Effects Of Radiation On Dna/cancer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cancer Studies under Space Conditions: Finding Answers Abroad

et al. 2021

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“…As the use of ionizing radiation increases, so does the risk for health hazards if not properly used or contained. Low doses of ionizing radiation can increase the risk of longer-term effects such as cancer [ 4 ]. Radiation overexposure accidents are possible to cause acute health effects such as skin burns or acute radiation syndrome can occur when doses of radiation exceed certain levels [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioprotective Effects of Kelulut Honey in Zebrafish Model

et al. 2021

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Large doses of ionizing radiation can damage human tissues. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the radiation effects as well as identify effective and non-toxic radioprotectors. This study evaluated the radioprotective effects of Kelulut honey (KH) from stingless bee (Trigona sp.) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Viable zebrafish embryos at 24 hpf were dechorionated and divided into four groups, namely untreated and non-irradiated, untreated and irradiated, KH pre-treatment and amifostine pre-treatment. The embryos were first treated with KH (8 mg/mL) or amifostine (4 mM) before irradiation at doses of 11 Gy to 20 Gy using gamma ray source, caesium-137 (137Cs). Lethality and abnormality analysis were performed on all of the embryos in the study. Immunohistochemistry assay was also performed using selected proteins, namely γ-H2AX and caspase-3, to investigate DNA damages and incidences of apoptosis. KH was found to reduce coagulation effects at up to 20 Gy in the lethality analysis. The embryos developed combinations of abnormality, namely microphthalmia (M), body curvature and microphthalmia (BM), body curvature with microphthalmia and microcephaly (BMC), microphthalmia and pericardial oedema (MO), pericardial oedema (O), microphthalmia with microcephaly and pericardial oedema (MCO) and all of the abnormalities (AA). There were more abnormalities developed from 24 to 72 h (h) post-irradiation in all groups. At 96 h post-irradiation, KH was identified to reduce body curvature effect in the irradiated embryos (up to 16 Gy). γ-H2AX and caspase-3 intensities in the embryos pre-treated with KH were also found to be lower than the untreated group at gamma irradiation doses of 11 Gy to 20 Gy and 11 Gy to 19 Gy, respectively. KH was proven to increase the survival rate of zebrafish embryos and exhibited protection against organ-specific abnormality. KH was also found to possess cellular protective mechanism by reducing DNA damage and apoptosis proteins expression.

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“…However, the cancer risk associated with low radiation doses is still an open issue. 11,12 Recent studies published in the literature evaluate the harmful effects produced by ionization radiation employing Raman Spectroscopy. [8][9][10] However, most of the studies use high energy radiation, and to our present knowledge, the effects resulting from the exposure of tissues to low radiation energy and doses have not been investigated using optical spectroscopy techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman and Fluorescence Profiles Modifications of Muscular and Adipose Tissues Exposed to Low Energy X-ray Beams

et al. 2021

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This work aims to investigate changes induced by low-energy radiation in adipose and muscular tissues employing autofluorescence and Raman spectroscopic techniques. X-ray beams expositions with 25 and 35 kV at 0.11, 1.1, and 2.1 Gy radiation dose levels were applied. Changes in Raman line intensities at specific bands assigned to collagen, proteins, and lipids were observed. Autofluorescent analysis exhibit variations in the collagen and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide emission, resulting from the structural modifications, variations on the reduced/oxidized fluorophores equilibrium followed by radiation exposure. Results show that Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy are suitable techniques to evaluate radiation effects on biomolecules even at low radiation doses and energies.

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Cancer Risk of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation

Cited by 49 publications

References 76 publications

Cancer Studies under Space Conditions: Finding Answers Abroad

Cancer Studies under Space Conditions: Finding Answers Abroad

Radioprotective Effects of Kelulut Honey in Zebrafish Model

Raman and Fluorescence Profiles Modifications of Muscular and Adipose Tissues Exposed to Low Energy X-ray Beams

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