Cancer risk among users of oral contraceptives: cohort data from the Royal College of General Practitioner's oral contraception study

Hannaford, Philip Christopher; Selvaraj, Sivasubramaniam; Elliott, Alison M; Angus, Valerie Christine; Iversen, Lisa; Lee, Amanda Jane

doi:10.1136/bmj.39289.649410.55

Cited by 286 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…While smaller studies have shown some association (Danaei et al, 2005;Assi et al, 2013), other large studies conducted in the Western population have not confirmed this association (Hankinson et al, 1997;Marchbanks et al, 2002;Hannaford et al, 2007;Vessey and Yeates, 2013). These and another study done in the United States also did not show any effect of race, duration, dose and age of starting contraception on development of breast cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Oral Contraceptives, Abortion and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case Control Study in Saudi Arabia

Karim

Baeshen²,

Neamatullah³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Oral Contraceptives, Abortion and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case Control Study in Saudi Arabia

Karim

Baeshen²,

Neamatullah³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…2 In 2007, the Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study, which involved more than 1 million womenyears of observations, revealed some staggering findings. 3 Contrary to common belief, pill ever-users had a 12 per cent reduction in the risk of development of cancer overall, and, specifically, there were no differences in the rates of breast cancer in ever-users and neverusers. These figures were not widely quoted in the lay press, but should reassure sexual health practitioners and their patients about safety.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Hormonal contraception: new developments and future prospects

Lee

2008

Trends Urology, Gynecol. Sexual Health

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“…No correlation between the use of OC and MS was detected in the study (4). Another study named the Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study (22) investigated 46,000 women, half of whom used OCs as contraceptive methods in 14 months of the study period. The previous OC users, new OC users, and nonusers were compared in terms of the risk of developing MS, and no correlation was found between these variables (22).…”

Section: Ms Sex Steroids Hormonal Contraceptive Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple sclerosis; a disease of reproductive-aged women and the dilemma involving contraceptive methods

Türkyılmaz¹,

Yıldırım²,

Avşar³

2015

J Turkish German Gynecol Assoc

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation in the central nerves system and subsequent demyelination of nerves (1).The disease predominantly affects women of reproductive ages in the 3 rd and 4 th decades; 62% of these women use contraceptive methods (2, 3). There are recent conflicting studies about the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use on MS and MS-like symptoms in the literature (4, 5). Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of hormonal contraceptives in MS patients. In addition, the medical treatments of MS such as through the use of interferons (IFNs), fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, and, natalizumab may compromise the pregnancy in patients with this disease (6). The ongoing use of IFNs in women planning pregnancy may also be relatively contraindicated because of possible abortifacient properties (6). Therefore, the use of contraceptive methods to avoid unintended pregnancies will be extremely important in MS patients, particularly during the relapse phase of the disease or the time when the disease is not completely under control. Therefore, clinicians usually try to provide contraceptive counseling to these young MS patients for addressing the question regarding the most appropriate contraceptive method. Providing an appropriate contraception options to MS patients is one of the most challenging issues for clinicians to deal with. However, most contraceptives methods are hormonal methods, and recent studies have raised questions about their potential adverse effects on the disease. We start this review by discussing the use of hormonal contraceptives in MS patients. To understand the effect of hormonal contraceptives on MS, the effects of sex steroids on this disease are discussed initially. MS, sex steroids, hormonal contraceptive methodsAlthough the strong interaction between the pathogenesis of MS and the immune system and sex steroids is well known for a long time, the exact mechanism through which the disease develops is yet to be identified completely. Hormonal contraceptives are effectively used by many young women to prevent unintended pregnancies. Most women use this method, particularly in their middle reproductive years, in which MS is mostly detected. The well-recognized problem in the pathogenesis of MS is inflamMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation in the central nerves system. Because the disease predominantly affects women of reproductive ages, having knowledge about contraception options for MS patients can make clinicians provide better counseling. Although most contraceptive methods are generally accepted as safe and effective in MS patients, recent studies have raised questions about their potential adverse effects on the disease. The use of contraceptive methods to avoid unintended pregnancies is crucial in MS patients, particularly during the relapse phase of the disease or the time when the disease is not completely under control. This review investigates the contraception...

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Cancer risk among users of oral contraceptives: cohort data from the Royal College of General Practitioner's oral contraception study

Cited by 286 publications

References 16 publications

Oral Contraceptives, Abortion and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case Control Study in Saudi Arabia

Oral Contraceptives, Abortion and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case Control Study in Saudi Arabia

Hormonal contraception: new developments and future prospects

Multiple sclerosis; a disease of reproductive-aged women and the dilemma involving contraceptive methods

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