Cancer Nanomedicine Special Issue Review Anticancer Drug Delivery with Nanoparticles: Extracellular Vesicles or Synthetic Nanobeads as Therapeutic Tools for Conventional Treatment or Immunotherapy

Zocchi, Maria Raffaella; Tosetti, Francesca; Benelli, Roberto; Poggi, Alessandro

doi:10.3390/cancers12071886

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 249 publications

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“…Large extracellular vesicles, which typically present electron-dense appearance and irregular shape in TEM images [ 32 ] were not located in any of the samples analyzed, supporting the exosome nature of the isolated nanovesicles from both milk and cancer cell lines. In addition, DLS and NTA registered homogeneous populations of nanovesicles in the size range of exosomes (30–150 nm) [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalently Labeled Fluorescent Exosomes for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications

et al. 2021

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The vertiginous increase in the use of extracellular vesicles and especially exosomes for therapeutic applications highlights the necessity of advanced techniques for gaining a deeper knowledge of their pharmacological properties. Herein, we report a novel chemical approach for the robust attachment of commercial fluorescent dyes to the exosome surface with covalent binding. The applicability of the methodology was tested on milk and cancer cell-derived exosomes (from U87 and B16F10 cancer cells). We demonstrated that fluorescent labeling did not modify the original physicochemical properties of exosomes. We tested this nanoprobe in cell cultures and healthy mice to validate its use for in vitro and in vivo applications. We confirmed that these fluorescently labeled exosomes could be successfully visualized with optical imaging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalently Labeled Fluorescent Exosomes for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications

et al. 2021

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“…Nanoparticles are defined as particles below 100 nm of dimension, although their surface is generally large enough to bind and carry therapeutic compounds ( 372 ). Nanoparticles have been proposed as drug carriers in cancer treatment since they can increase drug accumulation in target tissues, optimizing the therapeutic effect ( 373 ).…”

Section: Other Adjuvant Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Conventional to Precision Therapy in Canine Mammary Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2021

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Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common neoplasm in intact female dogs. Canine mammary cancer (CMC) represents 50% of CMTs, and besides surgery, which is the elective treatment, additional targeted and non-targeted therapies could offer benefits in terms of survival to these patients. Also, CMC is considered a good spontaneous intermediate animal model for the research of human breast cancer (HBC), and therefore, the study of new treatments for CMC is a promising field in comparative oncology. Dogs with CMC have a comparable disease, an intact immune system, and a much shorter life span, which allows the achievement of results in a relatively short time. Besides conventional chemotherapy, innovative therapies have a large niche of opportunities. In this article, a comprehensive review of the current research in adjuvant therapies for CMC is conducted to gather available information and evaluate the perspectives. Firstly, updates are provided on the clinical–pathological approach and the use of conventional therapies, to delve later into precision therapies against therapeutic targets such as hormone receptors, tyrosine kinase receptors, p53 tumor suppressor gene, cyclooxygenases, the signaling pathways involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and immunotherapy in different approaches. A comparison of the different investigations on targeted therapies in HBC is also carried out. In the last years, the increasing number of basic research studies of new promising therapeutic agents on CMC cell lines and CMC mouse xenografts is outstanding. As the main conclusion of this review, the lack of effort to bring the in vitro studies into the field of applied clinical research emerges. There is a great need for well-planned large prospective randomized clinical trials in dogs with CMC to obtain valid results for both species, humans and dogs, on the use of new therapies. Following the One Health concept, human and veterinary oncology will have to join forces to take advantage of both the economic and technological resources that are invested in HBC research, together with the innumerable advantages of dogs with CMC as a spontaneous animal model.

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“…EVs can also decrease the accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs in nontarget organs, thus decreasing the off‐target toxicity. In addition, the therapeutic effects of drugs are augmented when EVs are used (Cabeza et al., 2020; Xue, Wong, Song, & Cho, 2020; Zocchi, Tosetti, Benelli, & Poggi, 2020). For example, EVs carrying oncogenic KRAS siRNA suppressed cancer in multiple mouse models of pancreatic cancer and significantly increased overall survival (Kamerkar et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles: Natural liver‐accumulating drug delivery vehicles for the treatment of liver diseases

Zhang

Huang

Xiu

et al. 2020

J of Extracellular Vesicle

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are excellent potential vectors for the delivery of therapeutic drugs. However, issues with biological safety and disease targeting substantially limit their clinical application. EVs from red blood cells (RBC‐EVs) are potential drug delivery vehicles because of their unique biological safety. Here, we demonstrated that EVs, including RBC‐EVs, show natural liver accumulation. Mechanistically, the liver environment induces macrophages to phagocytize RBC‐EVs in a C1q‐dependent manner. RBC‐EVs loaded with antisense oligonucleotides of microRNA‐155 showed macrophage‐dependent protective effects against acute liver failure (ALF) in a mouse model. These RBC‐EVs were also effective in treatment of ALF. Furthermore, compared to routine doses of doxorubicin and sorafenib (SRF), RBC‐EVs loaded with doxorubicin or SRF showed enhanced therapeutic effects on a murine model of orthotopic liver cancer through a mechanism dependent on macrophages. Importantly, drug‐loaded RBC‐EVs showed no systemic toxicity at therapeutically effective doses, whereas routine doses of doxorubicin and SRF showed obvious toxicity. Thus, drug‐loaded RBC‐EVs hold high potential for clinical applications in the treatment of liver disease therapy.

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Cancer Nanomedicine Special Issue Review Anticancer Drug Delivery with Nanoparticles: Extracellular Vesicles or Synthetic Nanobeads as Therapeutic Tools for Conventional Treatment or Immunotherapy

Cited by 19 publications

References 249 publications

Covalently Labeled Fluorescent Exosomes for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications

Covalently Labeled Fluorescent Exosomes for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications

From Conventional to Precision Therapy in Canine Mammary Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Extracellular vesicles: Natural liver‐accumulating drug delivery vehicles for the treatment of liver diseases

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