Cancer, Infection and Disturbances of The Integrity of Tissue Homeostasis: The Most Significant Triggers for Molecular Mimicry and Autoimmunity in Dermatology?

Granulomatous slack skin mycosis fungoides developing simultaneously with sarcoid‐like lesions in a patient with repeated anabolic injections in the past?

“…(f-h) Microscopic findings in the skin from the right axillary region. At present, however, there are no methods or tests available by which the concept of molecular mimicry can be clearly illustrated and confirmed (Tchernev et al, 2014). The histological picture corresponds to granulomatous slack skin mycosis fungoides in the right axillary region; 40, HE staining.…”

“…(a) bacteria, viruses and parasites, (b) newly developed tumor antigens (including lymphomas) and (c) drugs or other exogenous substances deposited in, or having limited contact to, the human body (Tchernev et al, 2014). On the one hand, probable infectious or non-infectious antigens could be exogenously incorporated (such as exogenous pigment of a tattoo), and on the other hand de novo tumor antigens could arise within the framework of a malignant process (Tchernev et al, 2014;Tchernev et al, 2018;Tchernev & Wollina, 2013). By definition, it is believed that as a result of MM, a valid cross-activation of human B and/or T cells is generated, and in this respect, the cases of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphomas are of Within the lymph node is a collection of epitheloid cells/macrophages.…”

“…Herein, we present a patient in whom sarcoidosis or a sarcoid-like reaction may have been triggered as a result of injections of anabolic and corticosteroid agents into the gluteal area; the evidence for this is a "foreign body" type of local response and PET scan data indicating a zone of continued metabolic activity. At present, however, there are no methods or tests available by which the concept of molecular mimicry can be clearly illustrated and confirmed (Tchernev et al, 2014).…”

Environmental Risk Factors for Sarcoidosis

“…The second mechanism by which environmental antigens may induce a granulomatous response in sarcoidosis involves dysregulation of the immune system leading to autoimmunity. Evidence is accumulating that autoimmunity may be involved in some forms of sarcoidosis (26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Autoimmunity in sarcoidosis may occur via molecular mimicry whereby antigens trigger inflammation leading to exposure of self-peptides (31).…”

First reported case of erythrodermic sarcoidosis with systemic involvement during vaccination for Covid-19

“…The concept of sarcoidosis not having its own entity and favoring rather a sarcoid-type reaction is also largely due to the fact that disruption of tissue integrity, through the incorporation or invasion of various infectious or non-infectious (but still immunogenic) antigens, causes a uniform or monomorphic type of reaction, namely -sarcoid type of reaction (1). According to the hypothesis shared above, infections and vaccinations could be perceived as triggering factors: both for sarcoidosis and also for sarcoid-type reactions (2), regardless of the sometimes problematic nature of their classification.…”