Cancer in relation to occupational exposure to trichloroethylene.

Weiss, Noel S.

doi:10.1136/oem.53.1.1

Cited by 62 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Overall, our analysis is consistent with that of IARC (13) and Weiss (6) but suggests more strongly an association of TCE exposure with kidney and liver cancers and some support for Hodgkin's disease and nonHodgkin's lymphoma. There is also a possible association of cervical cancer with TCE or PERC exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Although the TCE used in the NCI study was technical grade (containing a small amount of epoxybutane and epichlorohydrin), a later replication of this experiment using a pure solution of TCE has similar findings. Additional bioassays show evidence of malignant tumors of the liver in mice by either respiratory (3,4) or oral exposure (5), although rats treated in a similar manner show cancer rates comparable to those of untreated controls (6). The occurrence of these liver tumors in mice is limited to B6C3F, and Swiss strains; a number of studies in other strains do not show elevated incidences in liver tumors in treated versus control animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…One also must note the low exposures reported in most of the Tier I cohort studies, which may limit the resolving power of these studies but not the importance of the observed association. For the liver data, Weiss (6) raises concerns with the possible mechanism of disease and appropriately criticizes that lack of more specific outcome data (i.e., the separation of the data on cancer of the biliary tract from that of liver cancer). Nonetheless, the data from Tier I, Tier II, and the case-control studies by and large support this association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trichloroethylene and cancer: epidemiologic evidence.

Wartenberg

Reyner

Scott

2000

Environ Health Perspect

198

156

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Trichloroethylene is an organic chemical that has been used in dry cleaning, for metal degreasing, and as a solvent for oils and resins. It has been shown to cause liver and kidney cancer in experimental animals. This article reviews over 80 published papers and letters on the cancer epidemiology of people exposed to trichloroethylene. Evidence of excess cancer incidence among occupational cohorts with the most rigorous exposure assessment is found for kidney cancer (relative risk lRR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 1.1-2.7), liver cancer (RR = 1.9, 95% Cl 1.0-3.4), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (RR = 1.5, 95% Cl 0.9-2.3) as well as for cervical cancer, Hodgkin's disease, and multiple myeloma. However, since few studies isolate trichloroethylene exposure, results are likely confounded by exposure to other solvents and other risk factors. Although we believe that solvent exposure causes cancer in humans and that trichloroethylene likely is one of the active agents, we recommend further study to better specify the specific agents that confer this risk and to estimate the magnitude of that risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trichloroethylene and cancer: epidemiologic evidence.

Wartenberg

Reyner

Scott

2000

Environ Health Perspect

198

156

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“…Most of the original studies have shown modestly elevated risk for primary liver cancer from trichloroethylene exposure. [2][3][4] There are, however, inconsistencies of study findings across occupational groups, study locations and incidence vs. mortality data. 5 As the reviews indicate, methodological limitations related to exposure assessment, sample size and specificity of diagnosis complicate drawing conclusions on causal association between trichloroethylene exposure and liver cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A moderately increased risk has been observed in several mortality and incidence studies among workers exposed to trichloroethylene, but inconsistencies in findings across the study populations and some methodological limitations complicate the interpretation of the findings. [2][3][4][5][6] Excesses of liver cancer have also been reported among workers potentially exposed to tetrachloroethylene, [7][8][9] but in general, the epidemiologic literature on this association is not consistent. [10][11][12][13][14] Carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and liver tumors have been detected in some animal experiments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of liver cancer and exposure to organic solvents and gasoline vapors among Finnish workers

Lindbohm

Sallmén

Kyyrönen

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Cancer

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We investigated the association between exposure to various groups of solvents and gasoline vapors and liver cancer. A cohort of economically active Finns born between 1906 and 1945 was followed up during the period 1971-1995. The incident cases of primary liver cancer (n 5 2474) were identified in a record linkage with the Finnish Cancer Registry. Occupations from the 1970 census were converted to exposures using a job-exposure matrix. Cumulative exposure was calculated as the product of estimated prevalence, level and duration of exposure, and we used Poisson regression to calculate the relative risks (RR). Among the occupations entailing exposure to organic solvents, an elevated liver cancer incidence was observed in male printers, and varnishers and lacquerers. Among men, the risk was increased in the highest exposure category of aromatic hydrocarbons [RR 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-2.40], aliphatic/alicyclic hydrocarbons (RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.99-2.18), chlorinated hydrocarbons (RR 2.65, 95% CI 1.38-5.11) and ''other solvents'' (RR 2.14, 95% CI 1.23-3.71). Among women, the risk was increased for the group ''other solvents'' that includes mainly alcohols, ketones, esters and glycol ethers (RR 2.73, 95% CI 1.21-6.16). Our finding of an increased risk among workers exposed to chlorinated hydrocarbons is in line with several earlier studies on trichloroethylene. The results also suggest a link between exposure to other types of solvents and the risk of liver cancer. The possibility that alcohol consumption contributes to the observed risks cannot be totally excluded. ' 2009 UICC

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Urinary concentrations of trichloroacetic acid in Danish workers exposed to trichloroethylene, 1947-1985

Raaschou‐Nielsen

Hansen

Christensen³

et al. 2001

Am. J. Ind. Med.

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Background Since 1947, the National Labour Inspection Service in Denmark has relied upon urinary measurements of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in surveys of the occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE). Methods We examined the paper files relating to 2397 TCA measurements to extract information about the year, the company, the work process and the worker. We used multiple regression models to analyze the effects of various factors on the urinary concentration of TCA. Results The regression analyses showed that (1) a four‐fold decrease in TCA concentrations occurred from 1947 to 1985; (2) the highest concentrations were observed in the iron and metal, chemical, and dry cleaning industries; (3) TCA levels were two times higher among men compared with women in the iron and metal and dry cleaning industries; (4) TCA concentrations were higher among younger compared with older workers; and (5) persons working in an area in which TCE was used, but not working with TCE themselves, also showed urinary TCA levels indicative of exposure. Conclusions Calendar year, type of industry, degree of contact with TCE, sex and age were predictors of TCA concentration in the urine of Danish workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:320–327, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Cancer in relation to occupational exposure to trichloroethylene.

Cited by 62 publications

References 19 publications

Trichloroethylene and cancer: epidemiologic evidence.

Trichloroethylene and cancer: epidemiologic evidence.

Risk of liver cancer and exposure to organic solvents and gasoline vapors among Finnish workers

Urinary concentrations of trichloroacetic acid in Danish workers exposed to trichloroethylene, 1947-1985

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