Cancer-Erythrocyte Hybrid Membrane-Camouflaged Magnetic Nanoparticles with Enhanced Photothermal-Immunotherapy for Ovarian Cancer

Abstract

Cell-membrane-coated nanoparticles are widely studied due to their inherent cellular properties, such as immune escape and homologous homing. A cell membrane coating can also maintain the relative stability of nanoparticles during circulation in a complex blood environment through cell membrane encapsulation technology. In this study, we fused a murine-derived ID8 ovarian cancer cell membrane with a red blood cell (RBC) membrane to create a hybrid biomimetic coating (IRM), and hybrid IRM camouflaged indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded magnetic nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 -ICG@IRM) were fabricated for combination therapy of ovarian cancer. Fe 3 O 4 -ICG@IRM retained both ID8 and RBC cell membrane proteins and exhibited highly specific self-recognition of ID8 cells in vitro and in vivo as well as a prolonged circulation lifetime in blood. Interestingly, in the bilateral flank tumor model, the IRMcoated nanoparticles also activated specific immunity, which killed homologous ID8 tumor cells but had no effect on B16-F10 tumor cells. Furthermore, Fe 3 O 4 -ICG@IRM showed synergistic photothermal therapy, resulting in the release of whole-cell tumor antigens by photothermal-induced tumor necrosis, which further enhanced antitumor immunotherapy for primary tumor and metastatic tumor by activating CD8 + cytotoxic T cells and reducing regulatory Foxp3 + T cells. Together, the biomimetic Fe 3 O 4 -ICG@IRM nanoparticles showed synergistic photothermal-immunotherapy for ovarian cancer.

Direct Modification of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Applications for Cancer Therapy: A Mini-Review

“…Magnetic targeting is an important approach of passive targeting for tumor therapy. EVs functionalized by minute magnets could be enriched at the tumor site with the help of external magnetic fields ( Xiong et al, 2021 ). One study from Qi et al utilized superparamagnetic nanoparticles anchored onto EVs through Tf-Tf receptor interaction, and those modified EVs exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature.…”

Membrane-wrapped nanoparticles for photothermal cancer therapy

“…Various photoresponsive NPs have been wrapped with different kinds of cell membranes to enable PTT of solidtumor cancers. This includes gold-based NPs (such as nanoshells, nanorods nanocages, nanostars, and nanodendrites) [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48], polymeric NPs loaded with organic near-infrared (NIR) absorbing dyes (such as indocyanine green (ICG), IR780, IR820, and IR792) [49][50][51][52][53], Prussian blue NPs [54][55][56][57][58], non-gold metal-based NPs [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71], liposomes [72][73][74], nanosheets (e.g., graphene-oxide, tungsten disulfide, and black phosphorous) [75][76][77][78], carrier-free systems made by co-assembling organic NIR dyes with other drugs [79][80][81], and other materials [82][83][84]…”

“…Although cancer cell membranewrapped NPs could be synthesized using cancer cells directly obtained from patients via biopsies or surgery to create a personalized treatment, great care must to taken to confirm that all intracellular components have been removed to eliminate any carcinogenic potential [104]. In addition, some studies indicate the immune evasion of cancer cell membrane-wrapped NPs is limited compared to RBC or hybrid membrane wrapped NPs [65,66]. These limitations must be weighed against the advantage of homotypic targeting when designing membranewrapped NPs for PTT.…”

Tumor-Derived Membrane Vesicles: A Promising Tool for Personalized Immunotherapy

“…To enhance the effect of tumor cell-derived membrane vesicles, the researchers used different kinds of materials to fuse them. In addition to excellent biocompatibility, senescent or damaged red blood cells are eliminated by cells such as macrophages and DCs in the spleen, providing spleen targeting capabilities [ 69 , 185 ]. Wang et al designed a pH-responsive copolymer micelle camouflaged by the erythrocyte and TCMVs hybrid membranes.…”