Cancer cell-derived long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) promotes melanoma migration through a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathway

Abstract

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Bad Neighborhood: Fibrotic Stroma as a New Player in Melanoma Resistance to Targeted Therapies

“…Interestingly, a subset of resistant BRAF mutant melanoma cells shows enrichment in the signatures related to inflammation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling [32]. Consistently, we have demonstrated that dedifferentiated melanoma cells express inflammation-related genes such as pentraxin 3 (PTX3), which contribute to melanoma invasiveness and the mesenchymal-resistant phenotype via a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-κB-TWIST pathway [109]. Interestingly, between the four drug-resistant states identified by Tsoi et al, undifferentiated subtypes (invasive and neural crest-like) are enriched for genes related to inflammation and show a higher recruitment of myeloid cells that support tumor growth and immunosuppression [54,110].…”

Pentraxin 3 Promotes Glioblastoma Progression by Negative Regulating Cells Autophagy

“…Therefore, dysregulated autophagy affects tumor progression. PTX3 has been confirmed relate to tumor migration, growth, sensitivity to radiotherapy (Bedini et al, 2018;Ahmmed et al, 2019;Rathore et al, 2019), but its relationship with autophagy in GBM is remained unclear. In our work, the GO and GSEA analysis suggest PTX3 negative regulating cells autophagy.…”

Hypoxia-Inducible Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 13 Contributes to Tumor Growth and Metastasis via Enhancing the Toll-Like Receptor 4/Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response Gene 88/Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…Since USP13 is an intracellular protein, we suggest that USP13 binds to the TIR domain of TLR4 in HCC cells. TLR4 and its adaptor MyD88 have been reported as oncogenic signaling in several human cancers, including HCC (Apetoh et al, 2007;Rathore et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2020). Recent studies have shown that the TLR4/MyD88 pathway regulates NF-κB signaling and VEGF, IL-23, and IL-17A expression in FIGURE 7 | Hypoxia activates the USP13/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in HCC cells.…”