Cancer Biology and Carcinogenesis: Fundamental Biological Processes and How They Are Deranged in Oral Cancer

Johnson, Newell W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32316-5_29

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, changes observed in histology are not limited to epithelium, and therefore, "epithelial lesion" is inappropriate. Epithelial-connective tissue interactions are fundamental to homeostasis and disease and connective tissue changes are a striking component of many disorders (Johnson, 2020;Vucicevic Boras et al, 2018), including in oral lichen planus and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) (Arakeri et al, 2018;Lodi et al, 2005).…”

Section: Other Terminolog Ie Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expert opinion at the 2005 workshop (published in 2007) proposed a shift from previously used terms "precancer", "epithelial precursor lesions", "premalignant", "precancerous", and "intra-epithelial lesion" to OPMD. Lesions and conditions were combined into one category of "disorders", in recognition of the fact that field change usually exists due to exposure to environmental carcinogens across much of the upper aero-digestive tract and that the whole person may have changes which influence the risk of cancer development (Johnson, 2017(Johnson, , 2020. "Potentially malignant" implies that not all patients diagnosed with any of these mucosal abnormalities will develop an oral malignancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral potentially malignant disorders: A consensus report from an international seminar on nomenclature and classification, convened by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer

et al. 2020

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Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are associated with an increased risk of occurrence of cancers of the lip or oral cavity. This paper presents an updated report on the nomenclature and the classification of OPMDs, based predominantly on their clinical features, following discussions by an expert group at a workshop held by the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer in the UK. The first workshop held in London in 2005 considered a wide spectrum of disorders under the term "potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa" (PMD) (now referred to as oral potentially malignant disorders: OPMD) including leukoplakia, erythroplakia, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, palatal lesions in reverse smokers, lupus erythematosus, epidermolysis bullosa, and dyskeratosis congenita. Any new evidence published in the intervening Medical Sciences,

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Section: Other Terminolog Ie Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral potentially malignant disorders: A consensus report from an international seminar on nomenclature and classification, convened by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer

et al. 2020

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“…These alterations occur in several pathways such as cell proliferation signaling, invasion and angiogenesis, reprogramming cellular energetics, and evading immune destruction (Hanahan & Weinberg, 2011). The genes and proteins involved in these multiple pathways are often also found to be deregulated in oral carcinogenesis (Johnson, 2020;Monteiro & Warnakulasuriya, 2017. Having in mind the concept of a biomarker as a substance that can be estimated in the body or its products and impacts or predicts the incidence of disease or outcome (Mishra & Verma, 2010), several of these molecular alterations have been analyzed as risk indicator biomarkers for subsequent malignancy; however, the lack of consistent evidence and the small number of available studies hinder their utilization in routine oral pathology diagnostic practice (Dionne et al, 2015;Nikitakis et al, 2018;Pitiyage et al, 2009;Smith et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue biomarkers for predicting the risk of oral cancer in patients diagnosed with oral leukoplakia: A systematic review

2021

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Objectives:We performed a systematic review to evaluate the published biomarkers related to oral leukoplakia (OL), aiming to identify the biomarkers that indicate any future risk of cancer in patients with oral leukoplakia. Methods:A search strategy was developed for three main electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EBSCO, and also for Google Scholar, until February 28, 2020. The study selection was performed in a two-phase process aiming at studies assessing tissue biomarkers for "malignant transformation of OL." Risk of bias analysis of included studies was performed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies Tool.Results: From 3,130 articles initially identified by searching databases, a total of 46 studies were included in this systematic review, with a combined sample of 3,783 patients, of whom 1,047 presented with malignant transformation of a previously diagnosed OL as reported by the authors. The cancer incidence in the whole group was 27.6% (range: 5.4% to 54.1%). The studies were derived from different geographic areas, including Asia (n = 21), Europe (n = 15), North America (n = 9), and Oceania (n = 1). There were 49 different molecular biomarkers evaluated in the 46 included studies: p53 and podoplanin proteins were the most frequently reported, followed by abnormalities at particular chromosomal loci (e.g., LOH). Risk of bias analysis revealed concerns associated with "measurement of prognostic factor," "study confounding" and "statistical analysis and reporting."Conclusions: Substantial heterogeneity and lack of standardized reporting of data among the studies were identified. The most promising biomarkers reported to have a significant association with the malignant transformation in OL included podoplanin and chromosomal loci abnormalities. A critical examination of the follow-up studies on OL published so far indicated that tissue biomarkers that could predict the risk of oral cancer in patients with OL are still in a discovery phase.

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“…These changes occur in multiple pathways, such as cell proliferation signaling, evasion of immune destruction, invasion and angiogenesis, and reprogramming of cellular energetics 10 . The proteins and genes involved in these pathways are frequently deregulated during oral carcinogenesis 11–13 . Saliva sample analysis can be noninvasive, rapidly collected, and easily processed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential noninvasive biomarkers for the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2023

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Background:The rising cancer incidence in patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) highlights the importance of identifying potential biomarkers for high-risk individuals and lesions because these biomarkers are useful in developing personalized management strategies for OL patients.This study systematically searched and analyzed the literature on potential saliva and serum biomarkers for OL malignant transformation.Methods: PubMed and Scopus were searched for studies published up to April 2022. The primary outcome of this study was the difference in biomarker concentrations in saliva or serum samples from healthy control (HC), OL and oral cancer (OC) populations. Cohen's d with 95% credible interval was calculated and pooled using the inverse variance heterogeneity method.Results: A total of seven saliva biomarkers were analyzed in this paper, including interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-6-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), copper, zinc, and lactate dehydrogenase. IL-6 and TNF-α exhibited statistically significant deviations in comparisons between HC versus OL and OL versus OC. A total of 13 serum biomarkers were analyzed, including IL-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, albumin, protein, β2-microglobulin, fucose, lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA), and total sialic acid (TSA). LSA and TSA exhibited statistically significant deviations in comparisons between HC versus OL and OL versus OC. Conclusion:IL-6 and TNF-α in saliva have strong predictive values for OL deterioration, and LSA and TSA concentration levels in serum also have the potential to serve as biomarkers for OL deterioration.

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Cancer Biology and Carcinogenesis: Fundamental Biological Processes and How They Are Deranged in Oral Cancer

Cited by 7 publications

References 91 publications

Oral potentially malignant disorders: A consensus report from an international seminar on nomenclature and classification, convened by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer

Oral potentially malignant disorders: A consensus report from an international seminar on nomenclature and classification, convened by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer

Tissue biomarkers for predicting the risk of oral cancer in patients diagnosed with oral leukoplakia: A systematic review

Potential noninvasive biomarkers for the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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