Canal water management: Case study of upper Chenab Canal in Pakistan

Abstract

Increasing world population requires that crop production from irrigated areas needs to be enhanced by as much as 40% by the year 2025. This necessitates that the canal water management system be revisited and possible improvements suggested and implemented. The daily reference evapotranspiration for the Upper Chenab Canal (UCC) is estimated using the Penmann-Monteith equation 2000. Meteorological data of Sialkot station has been employed on a daily basis for a period of 8 years (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006). The crop water requirements have been estimated using reference evapotranspiration, crop coefficients and cropping periods for different crops cultivated according to existing cropping pattern. Crop staggering has also been incorporated into the study. The comparison of actual canal water supplies and crop water requirements indicated an annual shortage of more than 40%, which may reduce slightly if allocated water supplies according to the Water Apportionment Accord 1991 can be ensured. The maximum deficit is 320 m 3 s À1 and occurs in the month of August. This shortfall is normally met by pumping lowquality groundwater, which is increasing secondary salinity in the area. Possible options for better water management in the UCC command area to optimize crop yields are presented, and it is recommended to look into demand side management including canal lining and on-farm water management practices. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Surface energy balance and actual evapotranspiration of the transboundary Indus Basin estimated from satellite measurements and the ETLook model

“…Comparison of evapotranspiration modeled/estimated by previous studies conducted during the years 1995–1996 [ Bastiaanssen et al , 1999], 2000 [ Sarwar and Bill , 2007], 2001–2002 [ Ahmad et al , 2009; Shakoor et al , 2006] and 1999–2006 [ Shakir et al , 2010] and ET estimated by ETLook for 2007 in the Indus Basin.…”

“…The ET estimates provided by Bastiaanssen et al [1999] for the Sirsa irrigation circle in India were checked. Other studies [e.g., Shakoor et al , 2006; Sarwar and Bill , 2007; Ahmad et al , 2009; Shakir et al , 2010] determined ET in selected areas within the basin for different years. Previous studies were synthesized and used to compare with ETLook estimates.…”

Determination of Overall Water Delivery Performance Based on Adequacy, Efficiency, Equity and Dependability in the Doroodzan Irrigation Network

“…() determined overall system state, Vos () and Shakir et al . () determined the parameters causing trouble in the system, and Molden et al . () and Zardari and Cordery () compared performance of systems over time and space.…”

“…Evaluation of performance of irrigation and drainage systems has been carried out for several reasons. Small and Svendsen (1990) and Clemmens and Molden (2007) used performance evaluation to improve system management, Bhadra et al (2010) and Pereira et al (2012) determined overall system state, Vos (2005) and Shakir et al (2010) determined the parameters causing trouble in the system, and Molden et al (2007) and Zardari and Cordery (2010) compared performance of systems over time and space. The effectiveness of operation decisions to deliver water from a water source and the physical system can be described by irrigation system performance indicators (Irmak et al, 2011).…”

Evaluation of the Water Allocation and Delivery Performance of Jiamakou Irrigation Scheme, Shanxi, China

“…Performance evaluation of the irrigation scheme has been carried out for different purposes, such as performing diagnostic analysis [5,6], understanding irrigation behavior and general irrigation trends [7], and comparing the performance of one irrigation scheme with another [8,9]. Evaluation indicators can be categorized into two main groups: external and internal performance.…”