Canadian National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) PM2.5 speciation program: Methodology and PM2.5 chemical composition for the years 2003–2008

Da̧bek-Złotorzyńska, Ewa; Dann, Tom; Martinelango, P. Kalyani; Celo, Valbona; Brook, Jeffrey R.; Mathieu, David; Ding, Luyi; Austin, Claire C.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.024

Cited by 137 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In contrast, in the Canadian National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) network, soil-derived oxides contributed only a few percent (3-9 %) of total PM 2.5 mass, and monthly median concentrations of mineral dust were generally less than 1 µg m −3 (Dabek-Zlotorzynska et al, 2011). It was a similar case in USA (Blancard, 2003 Pennsylvania, the average concentration of crustal material was 1 µg m −3 and contributed approximately 3-6 % of total PM 2.5 mass (Rees et al, 2004).…”

Section: Pm 25 Speciation Across Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> speciation in representative megacities and across China

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Based on PM 2.5 chemical data sets from literature and from our surface observations, chemical species and reconstructed speciation of PM 2.5 in representative Chinese megacities and across China were compared to draw insights into the characteristics of PM 2.5 speciation. PM 2.5 mass concentrations and speciation compositions varied substantially over geographical regions in China. Near six-fold variations in average PM 2.5 concentrations (34.0-193.4 µg m −3 ) across China were found with high PM 2.5 levels (>100 µg m −3 ) appearing in the cities in the northern and western regions and low levels (<40 µg m −3 ) in the remote forest area (Changbai Mountain) and in Hong Kong. The percentages of the sum of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium, organic matter, crustal material, and elemental carbon in PM 2.5 mass ranged 7.1-57 %, 17.7-53 %, 7.1-43 %, and 1.3-12.8 %, respectively. At both urban and rural sites in the eastern region, the sum of sulfate, nitrate and ammonia typically constituted much higher fractions (40-57 %) of PM 2.5 mass, indicative of more local formation/production and regional transport of the secondary aerosols, thus more intensive characteristic of "complex atmospheric pollution" compared to the western region. Organic matter had significant contribution to PM 2.5 over all the sites. Organic matter plus sulfate, nitrate, and ammonia accounted for 53-90 % of PM 2.5 mass across China. PM 2.5 speciation across China was also characterized by high content of crustal material, which was usually at more than ∼10 µg m −3 level or shared ∼ 10 % of PM 2.5 mass in urban Correspondence to: K. He (hekb@tsinghua.edu.cn) areas, due to transported desert dust and locally induced dust. In four representative megacities (i.e. Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou), PM 2.5 mass and major components (except sulfate) were at higher levels than those in US continental east by one order of magnitude. Distinct differences in nitrate and sulfate levels and their mass ratio [NO 4 ] imply that mobile sources are likely more important in Guangzhou, whereas in Chongqing it is stationary (coal combustion) sources. The observed intra-city variations in PM 2.5 mass and speciation indicate that both local emissions and regional transportation contributed significantly to high fine particle loadings in Beijing, while local contribution likely played a predominant role in Chongqing. During the ten-year period from 1999 through 2008 in urban Beijing, both the sum of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonia and [NO ] ratio exhibited steadily increasing trends, implying that the characteristic of "complex atmospheric pollution" and the contribution from mobile sources were being enhanced.

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Section: Pm 25 Speciation Across Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> speciation in representative megacities and across China

et al. 2011

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“…There is one longterm, filter-based PM 2.5 measurement site within the BAQSMet study area located in west Windsor. At this site, the median 24 h PM 2.5 for [2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008], was 14 µg m −3 and the 98th percentile was 36 µg m −3 (Dabek-Zlotorzynska et al, 2011). Maximum 24 h concentrations of 60 µg m −3 have been observed at this site.…”

Section: Air Quality Issues and Observations In Southwestern Ontariomentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The regional operational Global Environmental Multiscale meteorological model (GEM) provided 15 km resolution 48 h forecasts and limited-area 2.5 km resolution southern Ontario 24 h forecasts (Côté et al, 1998). Forecasters at a Research Support Desk at the Ontario Storm Prediction Centre in Toronto used the model guidance to help identify the most likely locations of lake-breeze fronts (valid 18:00 UTC/2 p.m. LT) and thunderstorms (valid 18:00-21:00 UTC/2-5 p.m. LT) for both the current day and the next day.…”

Section: Real-time Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Post-studmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the nature of air quality over southwestern Ontario: main findings from the Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study

et al. 2013

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Abstract. This paper serves as an overview and discusses the main findings from the Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study (BAQS-Met) in southwestern Ontario in 2007. This region is dominated by the Great Lakes, shares borders with the United States and consistently experiences the highest ozone (O 3 ) and fine particulate matter concentrations in Canada. The purpose of BAQS-Met was to improve our understanding of how lake-driven meteorology impacts air quality in the region, and to improve models used for forecasting and policy scenarios. Results show that lake breeze occurrence frequencies and inland penetration distances were significantly greater than realized in the past. Due to their effect on local meteorology, the lakes were found to enhance secondary O 3 and aerosol formation such that local anthropogenic emissions have their impact closer to the populated source areas than would otherwise occur in the absence of the lakes. Substantial spatial heterogeneity in O 3 was observed with local peaks typically 30 ppb above the regional values. Sulfate and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) enhancements were also linked to local emissions being transported in the lake breeze circulations. This study included the first detailed evaluation of regional applications of a high-resolution (2.5 km grid) air quality model in the Great Lakes region. The model showed that maxima in secondary pollutants occur in areas of convergence, in localized updrafts and in distinct pockets over the lake surfaces. These effects are caused by lake circulations interacting with the synoptic flow, with each other or with circulations induced by urban heat islands. Biogenic and anthropogenic emissions were both shown to play a role in the formation of SOA in the region. Detailed particle measurements and multivariate receptor models reveal that while individual particles are internally mixed, they often exist within more complex external mixtures. This makes it difficult to predict aerosol optical properties and further highlights the challenges facing aerosol modelling. The BAQSMet study has led to a better understanding of the value of high-resolution (2.5 km) modelling for air quality and meteorological predictions and has led to several model improvements.

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“…Examples of the widespread implementation of the principles established in these early networks are evident in national networks established in Europe [91], North America [11,[92][93][94], Asia [95][96][97][98][99], Australasia [100], South America [101,102] and Africa [103,104].…”

Section: Human Health Oriented Monitoring Network From the 1950smentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights from a Chronology of the Development of Atmospheric Composition Monitoring Networks Since the 1800s

2016

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Abstract:Ground-based monitoring networks for evaluating atmospheric composition relevant to impacts on human health and the environment now exist worldwide (according to the United Nations Environment Programme, 48% of countries have an air quality monitoring system). Of course, this has not always been the case. Here, we analyse for the first time the key developments in network coordination and standardisation over the last 150 years that underpin the current implementations of city-scale to global monitoring networks for atmospheric composition. Examples include improvements in respect of site type and site representativeness, measurement methods, quality assurance, and data archiving. From the 1950s, these developments have progressed through two distinct types of network: those designed for the protection of human health, and those designed to increase scientific understanding of atmospheric composition and its interaction with the terrestrial environment. The step changes in network coordination and standardisation have increased confidence in the comparability of measurements made at different sites. Acknowledged limitations in the current state of monitoring networks include a sole focus on compliance monitoring. In the context of the unprecedented volumes of atmospheric composition data now being collected, we suggest the next developments in network standardisation should include more integrated analyses of monitor and other relevant data within "chemical climatology" frameworks that seek to more directly link the impacts, state and drivers of atmospheric composition. These approaches would also enhance the role of monitoring networks in the development and evaluation of air pollution mitigation strategies.

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Canadian National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) PM2.5 speciation program: Methodology and PM2.5 chemical composition for the years 2003–2008

Cited by 137 publications

References 42 publications

Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> speciation in representative megacities and across China

Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> speciation in representative megacities and across China

Exploring the nature of air quality over southwestern Ontario: main findings from the Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study

Insights from a Chronology of the Development of Atmospheric Composition Monitoring Networks Since the 1800s

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Canadian National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) PM2.5 speciation program: Methodology and PM2.5 chemical composition for the years 2003–2008

Cited by 137 publications

References 42 publications

Characteristics of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; speciation in representative megacities and across China

Characteristics of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; speciation in representative megacities and across China

Exploring the nature of air quality over southwestern Ontario: main findings from the Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study

Insights from a Chronology of the Development of Atmospheric Composition Monitoring Networks Since the 1800s

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Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> speciation in representative megacities and across China

Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> speciation in representative megacities and across China