Canada’s constitutional separation of (wind) power

The Politics of Renewable Energy Production in a Federal Context: The Deployment of Small Hydropower in the Swiss Cantons

“…The chances of decentralization: Decentralized federal structuresthought to present an additional veto point in the political systems (Tsebelis 2002)have been considered a hurdle for the transition of energy systems in general and RET implementation in particular (Valentine 2010). Valentine (2010Valentine ( , 1921 hypothesizes that in Canada, more central structures would facilitate the implementation of coercive instruments to both promote renewable energy and better coordinate among, for example, provinces with either high hydropower or high wind power potentials. Germany might serve as the prime example of a centralized (and federal) country that has been a front runner in the deployment of renewable energies (Weidner and Mez 2008).…”

“…The role of three different political levels (national, cantonal, and local) is highly relevant for RET implementation, which eventually takes place at the local level but is also heavily influenced by political regulations at higher administrative levels (see Lachapelle, Borick, & Rabe, 2012)—particularly in federal countries such as Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, and the United States. These aspects of multilevel governance and the importance of local processes and stakeholders have been overlooked in previous research on renewable energy policies and implementation (Valentine, 2010, p. 1918). Focusing on Switzerland, where the national level has set comparatively ambitious goals concerning the promotion of renewable energy production (see Balthasar, Schreurs & Varone, this issue), our study aims to identify the factors that are conducive to the successful local implementation of national targets in a context of ample subnational autonomy.…”

Windmills and Landfills: Framing Controversial Environmental Policies as a Risk to Human Health and Conflict Expansion Strategies

“…Wind power deployment has grown significantly worldwide in the last decade and many predict that this will continue to grow as governments seek ways of reducing reliance on carbon intensive technologies (Ferguson-Martin and Hill, 2011). The deployment of wind power in Canada has varied significantly by province, but Ontario has the most installed capacity (Ferguson-Martin and Hill, 2011;Rowlands, 2009;Valentine, 2010). The province of Ontario has set an ambitious goal of increasing renewable energy to 15% of total installed capacity by 2030 (Stokes, 2014).…”

Wind energy on the horizon in British Columbia : a review and evaluation of the British Columbia wind energy planning framework

“…The British Columbia Hydro Authority (BCHydro) has recently introduced a Standing Offer Program 2 (feed-in tariff) for small projects (between 0.5 to 15 MW). Tariffs are one of the most important energy policies to encourage the quick utilization of wind energy (e.g., Kissel & Krauter 2006;Valentine 2010). For example, Ontario installed 737 MW worth of wind farm capacity over the 1.5 years that the province offered a feed-in tariff (Ontario Power Authority 2008).…”

“…Windpower studies in Canada have focused on energy policy tools that federal and provincial governments can use to meet emissions targets (Jaccard et al 2006;Jaccard & Rivers 2007;van Kooten & Timilsina 2008;Snoddon & Wigle 2009;Valentine 2010) or summarizing national wind power utilization (Islam et al 2004;Liming et al 2008;Hofman & Li 2009). Studies have also been conducted on other aspects of wind power.…”