Canada's changing climate report

Bush, Emma R; Lemmen, D S

doi:10.4095/314614

Cited by 287 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…Changes in the historical characteristics of FTCs can potentially affect the land conditions such as soil stability and erosion, and cause damages to existing roads, buildings, power lines, and mining sites (Council of Canadian Academies, 2019; Guest et al., 2020; Mohammed et al., 2020; Palko, 2017). Thawing permafrost has already affected the existing infrastructure in Canadian North, where mostly indigenous communities reside and whose culture and livelihood revolve partly around the existing FTCs (Bush et al., 2019; NRTEE, 2010). In addition to FTCs, the characteristics of AMPs are important for design, maintenance, and upgrade of various infrastructure including reservoirs and urban drainage systems (Mailhot et al., 2010; Yigzaw et al., 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, Canada’s mean annual temperature has increased by around 1.7 °C over the past few decades, which is more than twice the global rate, causing alterations in the characteristics of hydroclimatic variables locally and regionally (Council of Canadian Academies, 2019). These changes have raised serious concerns about the extent of climate change impacts on Canada’s society, economy, and environment (Bush et al., 2019; Lemmen et al., 2008). For instance, Canada’s agriculture and food security, infrastructure sustainability, and human health, particularly in northern regions are identified as key areas at high risks in the upcoming future (Council of Canadian Academies, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparisons Between CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models: Simulations of Climate Indices Influencing Food Security, Infrastructure Resilience, and Human Health in Canada

Bourdeau-Goulet

Hassanzadeh

2021

Earth's Future

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Human activities have influenced the climate conditions worldwide since the last century. Notably, Canada's mean annual temperature has increased by around 1.7 °C over the past few decades, which is more than twice the global rate, causing alterations in the characteristics of hydroclimatic variables locally and regionally (Council of Canadian Academies, 2019). These changes have raised serious concerns about the extent of climate change impacts on Canada's society, economy, and environment (

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons Between CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models: Simulations of Climate Indices Influencing Food Security, Infrastructure Resilience, and Human Health in Canada

Bourdeau-Goulet

Hassanzadeh

2021

Earth's Future

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“…According to Canada's changing climate projections [79], summer temperature and precipitation are expected to increase in the Clay Belt region by 1-5 • C and 20%, respectively. For this region, projected annual mean temperature, precipitation, and maximum annual potential evapotranspiration were projected to increase by 4.7 • C, 15%, and~12%, respectively, for the period 1951-2099 [80].…”

Section: Potential Effects Of Climate Warming On Paludification In the Clay Belt Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Effect of Climate Warming on Paludification Processes: Will Soil Conditions Limit the Adaptation of Northern Boreal Forests to Climate Change? A Synthesis

Laamrani

Valeria

Chehbouni

et al. 2020

Forests

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Northern boreal forests are characterized by accumulation of accumulation of peat (e.g., known as paludification). The functioning of northern boreal forest species and their capacity to adapt to environmental changes appear to depend on soil conditions. Climate warming is expected to have particularly pronounced effects on paludified boreal ecosystems and can alter current forest species composition and adaptation by changing soil conditions such as moisture, temperature regimes, and soil respiration. In this paper, we review and synthesize results from various reported studies (i.e., 88 research articles cited hereafter) to assess the effects of climatic warming on soil conditions of paludified forests in North America. Predictions that global warming may increase the decomposition rate must be considered in combination with its impact on soil moisture, which appears to be a limiting factor. Local adaptation or acclimation to current climatic conditions is occurring in boreal forests, which is likely to be important for continued ecosystem stability in the context of climate change. The most commonly cited response of boreal forest species to global warming is a northward migration that tracks the climate and soil conditions (e.g., temperature and moisture) to which they are adapted. Yet, some constraints may influence this kind of adaptation, such as water availability, changes in fire regimes, decomposer adaptations, and the dynamic of peat accumulation. In this paper, as a study case, we examined an example of potential effects of climatic warming on future paludification changes in the eastern lowland region of Canada through three different combined hypothetical scenarios based on temperature and precipitation (e.g., unchanged, increase, or decrease). An increase scenario in precipitation will likely favor peat accumulation in boreal forest stands prone to paludification and facilitate forested peatland expansion into upland forest, while decreased or unchanged precipitation combined with an increase in temperature will probably favor succession of forested peatlands to upland boreal forests. Each of the three scenarios were discussed in this study, and consequent silvicultural treatment options were suggested for each scenario to cope with anticipated soil and species changes in the boreal forests. We concluded that, despite the fact boreal soils will not constrain adaptation of boreal forests, some consequences of climatic warming may reduce the ability of certain species to respond to natural disturbances such as pest and disease outbreaks, and extreme weather events.

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“…Global warming has serious consequences for provision of goods and services from all ecosystems, and will affect social and economic sectors, including agriculture (Ray et al, 2019). In the cold-climate boreal and Arctic regions, herein referred to as northern regions (King et al, 2018), climate change is occurring at a historically unprecedented rate (Bush and Lemmen, 2019) substantially affecting regional land use and the interlinked socioeconomic conditions for the 0.2 billion people currently living in northern countries (data.worldbank.org/).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion of Agriculture in Northern Cold-Climate Regions: A Cross-Sectoral Perspective on Opportunities and Challenges

Unc

Altdorff

Abakumov

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Agriculture in the boreal and Arctic regions is perceived as marginal, low intensity and inadequate to satisfy the needs of local communities, but another perspective is that northern agriculture has untapped potential to increase the local supply of food and even contribute to the global food system. Policies across northern jurisdictions target the expansion and intensification of agriculture, contextualized for the diverse social settings and market foci in the north. However, the rapid pace of climate change means that traditional methods of adapting cropping systems and developing infrastructure and regulations for this region cannot keep up with climate change impacts. Moreover, the anticipated conversion of northern cold-climate natural lands to agriculture risks a loss of up to 76% of the carbon stored in vegetation and soils, leading to further environmental impacts. The sustainable development of northern agriculture requires local solutions supported by locally relevant policies. There is an obvious need for the rapid development of a transdisciplinary, cross-jurisdictional, long-term knowledge development, and dissemination program to best serve food needs and an agricultural economy in the boreal and Arctic regions while minimizing the risks to global climate, northern ecosystems and communities.

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Canada's changing climate report

Cited by 287 publications

References 0 publications

Comparisons Between CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models: Simulations of Climate Indices Influencing Food Security, Infrastructure Resilience, and Human Health in Canada

Comparisons Between CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models: Simulations of Climate Indices Influencing Food Security, Infrastructure Resilience, and Human Health in Canada

Analysis of the Effect of Climate Warming on Paludification Processes: Will Soil Conditions Limit the Adaptation of Northern Boreal Forests to Climate Change? A Synthesis

Expansion of Agriculture in Northern Cold-Climate Regions: A Cross-Sectoral Perspective on Opportunities and Challenges

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