Can we talk about microglia without neurons? A discussion of microglial cell autonomous properties in culture

Neiva, Ismael; Malva, João O.; Valero, Jorge

doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00202

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It was reported that the repopulation of senescent microglia improves the age-related neurosynaptic cytoskeleton remodeling and dendritic spine regeneration without altering immune activation and phagocytosis in glia [66,67]. In order to check whether oligomeric species can exhibit the migratory state of N9 microglia [68,69], the actin network was stained for hTau40 WT oligomer-and aggregate-treated groups.…”

Section: Microglia Phagocytosed Htau40 Wt Oligomers By Modulating Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phagocytosis of full-length Tau oligomers by Actin-remodeling of activated microglia

Das

Balmik

Chinnathambi

2020

J Neuroinflammation

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Background: Alzheimer's disease is associated with the accumulation of intracellular Tau tangles within neurons and extracellular amyloid-β plaques in the brain parenchyma, which altogether results in synaptic loss and neurodegeneration. Extracellular concentrations of oligomers and aggregated proteins initiate microglial activation and convert their state of synaptic surveillance into a destructive inflammatory state. Although Tau oligomers have fleeting nature, they were shown to mediate neurotoxicity and microglial pro-inflammation. Due to the instability of oligomers, in vitro experiments become challenging, and hence, the stability of the full-length Tau oligomers is a major concern. Methods: In this study, we have prepared and stabilized hTau40 WT oligomers, which were purified by size-exclusion chromatography. The formation of the oligomers was confirmed by western blot, thioflavin-S, 8-anilinonaphthaalene-1sulfonic acid fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy, which determine the intermolecular cross-β sheet structure and hydrophobicity. The efficiency of N9 microglial cells to phagocytose hTau40 WT oligomer and subsequent microglial activation was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy with apotome. The one-way ANOVA was performed for the statistical analysis of fluorometric assay and microscopic analysis. Results: Full-length Tau oligomers were detected in heterogeneous globular structures ranging from 5 to 50 nm as observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which was further characterized by oligomer-specific A11 antibody. Immunocytochemistry studies for oligomer treatment were evidenced with A11 + Iba1 high microglia, suggesting that the phagocytosis of extracellular Tau oligomers leads to microglial activation. Also, the microglia were observed with remodeled filopodia-like actin structures upon the exposure of oligomers and aggregated Tau. Conclusion: The peri-membrane polymerization of actin filament and co-localization of Iba1 relate to the microglial movements for phagocytosis. Here, these findings suggest that microglia modified actin cytoskeleton for phagocytosis and rapid clearance of Tau oligomers in Alzheimer's disease condition.

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Section: Microglia Phagocytosed Htau40 Wt Oligomers By Modulating Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phagocytosis of full-length Tau oligomers by Actin-remodeling of activated microglia

Das

Balmik

Chinnathambi

2020

J Neuroinflammation

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“…Furthermore, the neurogenic phenotype acquired from wheel running is sustained in vitro (Ziv and Schwartz, 2008a). However, isolated microglia do not exhibit the highly ramified structure that is typically observed in the healthy brain (Neiva et al, 2014). One of the major reasons for differences between in vivo and in vitro microglia is serum.…”

Section: A Note Regarding the Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Microglia on Neurogenesis

Sato

2015

Glia

150

127

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This review summarizes and organizes the literature concerning the effects of microglia on neurogenesis, particularly focusing on the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus and subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles, in which the neurogenic potential is progressively restricted during the life of the organism. A comparison of microglial roles in neurogenesis in these two regions indicates that microglia regulate neurogenesis in a temporally and spatially specific manner. Microglia may also sense signals from the surrounding environment and have regulatory effects on neurogenesis. We speculate microglia function as a hub for the information obtained from the inner and outer brain regions for regulating neurogenesis. GLIA 2015;63:1394–1405

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“…Phagocytosis as well as ability to induce apoptosis in unwanted neurons in developing brain make microglia an important participant in the process of CNS development. Microglia also interact with the synapses and modulate synaptic plasticity via pruning of excessive unwanted synapses that are mediated by the complement pathway [5][6][7]. Morphologically, they closely resemble the macrophages.…”

Section: Amoeboid Microgliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia in the Physiology and Pathology of Brain

Nagayach

Patro

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci.

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Microglia are the immune cells of the brain involved in regulation and maintenance of brain microenvironment. These cells not only play imperative role in shaping the brain neural networks during development but also protect the brain from any disparaging condition throughout the life as first line of combatants. Interestingly, these cells exhibit dual nature in various neuropathological conditions. Depending upon the quantum of brain insult, they acquire different morphology which in favour either suppress the severity or aggravate the situation by releasing several immune-mediated molecules. This review summarizes the properties of microglia in healthy and diseased brain and explains their dual nature in various neuropathological disorders.

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Can we talk about microglia without neurons? A discussion of microglial cell autonomous properties in culture

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Phagocytosis of full-length Tau oligomers by Actin-remodeling of activated microglia

Phagocytosis of full-length Tau oligomers by Actin-remodeling of activated microglia

Effects of Microglia on Neurogenesis

Microglia in the Physiology and Pathology of Brain

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