Can tobacco control endgame analysis learn anything from the US experience with illegal drugs?

Reuter, Peter

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050809

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Banning cigarettes may be more likely to lead to black markets, present significant legal/trade barriers and be less likely to be supported by smokers and opponents of government interference 22 24 25 41 44 45…”

Section: Common Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the nicotine content of combusted tobacco products sold in New Zealand

et al. 2016

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Large reductions in nicotine content could dramatically reduce reinforcement from and dependence on cigarettes. In this article, we summarise the potential benefits of reducing nicotine in combusted tobacco and address some of the common concerns. We focus specifically on New Zealand because it may be ideally situated to implement such a policy. The available data suggest that, in current smokers, very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes decrease nicotine exposure, decrease cigarette dependence, reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day and increase the likelihood of contemplating, making and succeeding at a quit attempt. New smokers would almost certainly be exposed to far less nicotine as a result of smoking VLNC cigarettes and, consequently, would probably be less likely to become chronic, dependent, smokers. Many of the concerns about reducing nicotine including compensatory smoking, an exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms, the perception that VLNC cigarettes are less harmful, and the potential for a black market are either not supported by the available data, likely mitigated by other factors including the availability of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, or unlikely to offset the potential benefit to public health. Although not all concerns have been addressed or can be a priori, the magnitude of the potential benefits and the growing evidence of relatively few potential harms should make nicotine reduction one of the centrepieces for discussion of how to rapidly advance tobacco control. Policies that aim to render the most toxic tobacco products less addictive could help New Zealand attain their goal of becoming smokefree by 2025.

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Section: Common Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the nicotine content of combusted tobacco products sold in New Zealand

et al. 2016

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“…Four of the supplement authors will be unfamiliar to most members of the tobacco control community. Scholars who have not focused on tobacco control, they were selected precisely because they could take their well-established disciplinary expertise—in political science,29 organisation theory,30 public policy and economics,31 and law and ethics32—and apply it to the endgame discussion without the preconceptions or biases that occasionally afflict those of us who have devoted our careers to tobacco control. Their insights were enormously valuable to the workshop discussions and should be equally enlightening to readers of this supplement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An endgame for tobacco?

Warner

2013

Tob Control

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Since its origins in the 1960s, tobacco control has achieved remarkable success against the scourge of tobacco-produced disease and death. Yet tobacco use, especially cigarette smoking, remains the world's leading cause of preventable premature death and is likely to do so for decades to come. Evidence-based policies seem incapable of substantially hastening the demise of smoking. Slowness in the decline of smoking in developed nations, and increasing smoking in many low- and middle-income countries has sparked interest in novel, even radical 'endgame' strategies to eliminate the toll of tobacco. This paper identifies the principal endgame proposals and, with the other papers in this volume, has the goal of expanding and deepening the endgame conversation by engaging the broader tobacco control community. While we struggle today with often widely divergent perspectives and beliefs about what is possible and how it might be achieved, we all share the same vision of the final words to this story: ‘The end’.

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“…It seems that drug abuse neutralizes shame and guilt experiences after committing violent behaviors (12). Consumption, possession, manufacturing and distributing drugs are classified as illegal behavior in most countries so that they have provided multifaceted strategies to control the use of drugs and related concerns (13,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Integration Program of Prevention and Treatments of Substance Use and HIV/AIDS in the Rural Primary Health Care (PHC) System of Iran

Zafarghandi

Tabasi

Bolhari

et al. 2016

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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Background: Drug abuse is the most problematic issue in many countries including Iran. Prevention, treatment and demand reduction programs of drug abuse have the highest priorities. In 2004, Iran's ministry of health and medical education (MOME) integrated prevention and treatment substance use and human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) programs in the rural primary health care (PHC) system. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the integration program of prevention and treatment of substance use and HIV/AIDS in the rural primary health care (PHC) system of Iran. Patients and Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive/qualitative study about supervision, assessment and monitoring by mental health experts team during year 2009. Data was collected mostly from an expert panel, which monitored the program accurately. Results: The findings showed that the program was used in 380 health houses in 10 cities of Iran. The total number of inhabitants covered by the program were 5555258, and 8245 of them were substance abusers. The cases were registered and their data were reported by the managers. The function of health houses, health centers, and district health centers were assessed by considering the number of cases. The centers provided care services, interventions and harm reduction activities, and they referred some cases to specialists or other higher-level professional centers. Many educated experts including Behvarzes, multipurpose health workers, primary health personnel, educated general physicians (GPs) and family physicians (GFs) had worked actively in rural health centers. Furthermore, at district level, executive groups followed up cases were referred by (GFs). Conclusions: Integrating program of prevention and treatment of substance use and HIV/AIDS in PHC system of Iran has positive outcomes. It is one of the most effective ways in this domain. It has a coherent structure, and a high potential in the introducing of PHC services to the community. The program has important impacts on the provision of health services and representation of mental health in rural areas. It seems that the program successes in the most of its goals, and can be continued and enhanced with some changes and reforms in the country.

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Can tobacco control endgame analysis learn anything from the US experience with illegal drugs?

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Reducing the nicotine content of combusted tobacco products sold in New Zealand

Reducing the nicotine content of combusted tobacco products sold in New Zealand

An endgame for tobacco?

The Integration Program of Prevention and Treatments of Substance Use and HIV/AIDS in the Rural Primary Health Care (PHC) System of Iran

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