Can the epoxides of cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamal show new cases of contact allergy?

Hagvall, Lina; Niklasson, Ida B.; Luthman, Kristina; Karlberg, Ann‐Therése

doi:10.1111/cod.12992

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Using geranial along with citral will identify even more patients, and using this diagnostic tool could be of importance when investigating fragrance allergy in a patient. The many cases of contact allergy in this study not detected by FM I and FM II show the importance of patch testing for fragrance allergy with a broad set of fragrance haptens, especially as fragrance allergy can be difficult to suspect based on the patients' history …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Contact allergy to citral and its constituents geranial and neral, coupled with reactions to the prehapten and prohapten geraniol

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Citral is commonly used as a fragrance and flavor material and consists of the aldehydes geranial and neral. Citral is included in fragrance mix (FM) II. Geranial and neral have also been identified in autoxidation of geraniol, a fragrance compound present in FM I.Objectives: To study contact allergy to citral, geranial, and neral, and concomitant reactivity to oxidized geraniol and fragrance markers of the baseline series.Methods: A total of 1476 dermatitis patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested using geranial, neral, and citral, all 3.5% petrolatum (pet.) as well as geraniol 6.0% and oxidized geraniol 11% pet. in addition to the Swedish baseline series.Results: Frequencies of positive reactions to citral, geranial, and neral were 2.9%, 3.4% and 1.9%, respectively. Together, citral and geranial gave 4.2% positive patch test reactions in consecutive dermatitis patients. In patients with positive reactions to citral or its components, 25% to 34% reacted to FM II and 61% reacted to oxidized geraniol.Conclusions: Patch testing with citral, its components, or oxidized geraniol detects contact allergic reactions not detected using the baseline series. Patch testing with pure geraniol was shown to be of little value. Geranial and neral, although closely chemically related, are concluded to be separate haptens. K E Y W O R D Sallergic contact dermatitis,

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Contact allergy to citral and its constituents geranial and neral, coupled with reactions to the prehapten and prohapten geraniol

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cinnamyl alcohol is regarded as a prohapten, with cinnamal being its main metabolite . However, as in the presented case, patients who are allergic to cinnamyl alcohol do not always react to cinnamal (Table ). Concomitant positive patch test reactions are usually seen with fragrance mix I and Myroxylon pereirae , as they contain the same allergens as are present in oil of cinnamon, or allergens related to these.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Oil of cinnamon contains strong contact sensitizers such as cinnamal, cinnamyl alcohol, and eugenol . Cinnamyl alcohol is regarded as a prohapten, with cinnamal being its main metabolite . However, as in the presented case, patients who are allergic to cinnamyl alcohol do not always react to cinnamal (Table ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Cinnamon‐induced airborne occupational allergic contact dermatitis in a baker: Severe flare‐up during patch testing

Özkaya

2019

Contact Dermatitis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

K E Y W O R D S : airborne, allergic contact dermatitis, baker, case report, cinnamal, cinnamon, cinnamyl alcohol, face, occupational, patch test Cinnamon (cassia) is a well-known but rarely reported cause of occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) in bakers, who present almost exclusively with hand eczema. 1-6 There is only one reported case of airborne OACD caused by cinnamon in bakers. 2 Herein, we report a rare case of cinnamon-induced airborne OACD in a baker who reacted with a severe flare-up during patch testing. CASE REPORTA 37-year-old atopic Turkish baker presented with severe eczema on the face and neck ( Figure 1A,B), accompanied by swelling of the eyelids. The palmar and dorsal sides of both hands and fingers and forearms were also involved. The patient had been working as baker for 15 years, mainly making and baking cookies and cakes. Most frequently, he had contact with cinnamon, sesame, hazelnut and flour at work. His complaints started 5 years previously, initially as hand eczema. Later, new lesions had started to develop on the face and neck. The patient had not been wearing protective gloves for the last 2 years, as he suspected that his hand eczema was becoming worse as a result of wearing rubber gloves. He had suffered from atopic skin diathesis, and allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma since childhood.However, his rhinitis and asthma did not become worse at work. Prick testing showed seasonal pollen allergy and perennial house dust mite allergy. The patient had no symptoms of workplace-related immediate-type allergies. His eczema showed a definite work-related course, with exacerbations during work and remissions during holidays.Patch testing was performed according to ESCD patch test guidelines. 7 The results are shown in Table 1. Early readings at 20 to 60 minutes did not show an urticarial reaction. Strong positive patch test reactions were obtained with cinnamyl alcohol

show abstract

“…Cinnamyl chloride would be expected to form the same protein adducts as the sulfate ester of cinnamyl alcohol, thus explaining the concomitant reaction to both cinnamyl derivatives. On the other hand, epoxycinnamyl alcohol and epoxycinnamal appeared not to be important when tested in 12 patients [80]. FM I contained in the TRUE Test™ system is significantly less sensitive than the pet.-based allergen, as repeatedly demonstrated, lately by the EDEN Fragrance Study [81], which needs to be taken into account when comparing test results obtained with different patch test systems.…”

Section: Fragrancesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Contact Allergy—Emerging Allergens and Public Health Impact

Uter

Werfel

Lepoittevin

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Contact allergy (sensitisation) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) resulting from it have a considerable public health impact. For the present review, all pertinent articles were systematically searched via Medline and Web of Science™; additionally, all available issues of the journals “Contact Dermatitis” and “Dermatitis” were manually searched, covering the years 2018–2019, thereby extending and re-focusing a previous similar review. New allergens, or previously described allergens found in a new exposure context or of other current importance, are described in sections according to substance classes, e.g., metals, preservatives, fragrances. As a common finding in many investigations, a lack of information on product composition has been noted, for instance, regarding a newly described allergen in canvas shoes (dimethylthiocarbamylbenzothiazole sulfide) and, most notably, absence of co-operation from manufacturers of glucose-monitoring devices and insulin pumps, respectively. These latter devices have been shown to cause severe ACD in a considerable number of diabetic patients caused by the liberation of isobornyl acrylate and N,N’-dimethylacrylamide, respectively, as demonstrated by an international collaboration between dermatologists and chemists. Improved and complete ingredient labelling for all types of products, and not just as we have with cosmetics at present (apart from full listing of fragrance substances) in Europe, must be put on the legislative agenda.

show abstract

Can the epoxides of cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamal show new cases of contact allergy?

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Contact allergy to citral and its constituents geranial and neral, coupled with reactions to the prehapten and prohapten geraniol

Contact allergy to citral and its constituents geranial and neral, coupled with reactions to the prehapten and prohapten geraniol

Cinnamon‐induced airborne occupational allergic contact dermatitis in a baker: Severe flare‐up during patch testing

Contact Allergy—Emerging Allergens and Public Health Impact

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About