Can Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder be Diagnosed in Adolescence without a Catastrophic Stressor? A Case Report

Weaver, Andrew

doi:10.1177/1359104500005001008

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…More specifically, victimization tended to be associated with greater post-traumatic stress. Furthermore, as expected, bullying was associated with intrusive thoughts, as reported in the case study by Weaver (2000). However, we found no gender-linked differences, unlike earlier studies where girls were shown to be more severely affected than boys (Shannon, Lonigan, Finch, & Taylor, 1994).…”

Section: Discussion Of Studycontrasting

confidence: 56%

Bullying among students and its consequences on health

Tarquinio²,

et al. 2006

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Violence among students at school is an ever-growing problem. Bullying can be defined as all forms of repeated physical or mental violence performed by an individual on another person who is not capable of defending him/herself (Roland & Idsoe, 2001). The three studies conducted here reveal some of the characteristics and implications of this type of aggression. Whether the attacker(s) or the attacked, all protagonists in a bullying episode suffer the consequences of this behavior. Study 1 showed that students who were both victims and bullies had the lowest self-concepts in all areas studied. Victims exhibited inferior self-concepts to bullies, who in turn obtained lower scores than students not involved in bullying at all. Study 2 showed, as expected, that the group of bully/victims reported more psychosomatic problems than all other groups. In addition, there was a positive link between behavioral problems and the onset of psychosomatic disorders. Study 3, which was mainly exploratory, looked at the traumatic impact of bullying and the emergence of addictive behavior. Children who had vivid memories of being the victim of an aggressive act manifested a high level of post-traumatic stress, although no link was observed between post-traumatic stress and the type of aggression (physical, verbal, or relational). A dependency relationship was found between post-traumatic stress and substance use. The results of these studies suggest that the many complexities of the different protagonists of bullying should be taken into account in view of developing servicing that is geared to each individual.Within the past few decades, aggressive behavior among students has been an important issue for both researchers and policy makers. The findings of studies on this subject appear to

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Section: Discussion Of Studycontrasting

confidence: 56%

Bullying among students and its consequences on health

Tarquinio²,

et al. 2006

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“…Schools and institutions are likely to take bullying more seriously, and further studies of preventive and therapeutic programs are implemented to reduce bullying symptoms. Moreover, bullying victims may receive the appropriate treatment (Weaver, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic criteria for postbullying disorder: A phenomenological research design of bullying victims

Arnout

Alshehri

Assiri

et al. 2020

Journal of Public Affairs

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This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic criteria for postbullying disorder, which enable the persons who provide therapy services for bullying victims, because until now, there are no criteria to help clinicians diagnose postbullying disorder. This study employed phenomenological research design. Purposive sampling was adopted to sample six university students who are experiencing the bullying behavior from their colleagues in the university campus. The results revealed that there are eight criteria for diagnosing postbullying disorder among victims. These are trauma exposure, symptoms of penetration, avoidance, perception and negative emotions, self‐destructive behavior, dysfunction due to symptoms, duration (1 month or more) of symptoms, and the criteria that the bullying symptoms cannot be attributed to the use of substances or drugs of another medical conditions. Results shed new light on the diagnostic criteria for postbullying disorder and proved the usefulness of these criteria in understanding the development of the postbullying symptoms among victims. These findings enable schools and universities to plan psychotherapy interventions for victims.

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“…Even though there has been discussion whether exposure to bullying complies with the classification of trauma required for diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as defined within the DSM-IV-TR (APA 2000), practitioners often report PTSD symptoms in victims of bullying (Scott and Stradling 1992;Weaver 2000). Research focusing on workplace bullying has established a relationship with PTSD symptoms that appears to be quite strong (Björkqvist et al 1994;Leymann and Gustafsson 1996;Matthiesen and Einarsen 2004;Mikkelsen and Einarsen 2002).…”

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confidence: 98%

Bullying and PTSD Symptoms

Idsøe

Dyregrov

Idsoe

2012

J Abnorm Child Psychol

161

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PTSD symptoms related to school bullying have rarely been investigated, and never in national samples. We used data from a national survey to investigate this among students from grades 8 and 9 (n = 963). The prevalence estimates of exposure to bullying were within the range of earlier research findings. Multinomial logistic regression showed that boys were 2.27 times more likely to be exposed to frequent bullying than girls. A latent variable second-order model demonstrated an association between frequency of bullying exposure and PTSD symptoms (beta = 0.49). This relationship was not moderated by gender. However, the average levels of PTSD symptoms as well as clinical range symptoms were higher for girls. For all bullied students, 27.6% of the boys and 40.5% of the girls had scores within the clinical range. A mimic model showed that youth who identify as being both a bully and a victim of bullying were more troubled than those who were victims only. Our findings support the idea that exposure to bullying is a potential risk factor for PTSD symptoms among students. Future research could investigate whether the same holds for PTSD through diagnostic procedures, but this will depend on whether or not bullying is decided to comply with the DSM-IV classification of trauma required for diagnosis. Results are discussed with regard to their implications for school interventions.

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Can Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder be Diagnosed in Adolescence without a Catastrophic Stressor? A Case Report

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Bullying among students and its consequences on health

Bullying among students and its consequences on health

Diagnostic criteria for postbullying disorder: A phenomenological research design of bullying victims

Bullying and PTSD Symptoms

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