Can Peri-Implant Marginal Bone Loss Progression and a-MMP-8 Be Considered Indicators of the Subsequent Onset of Peri-Implantitis? A 5-Year Study

Abstract

The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationship between the amount of early bone remodeling, the marginal bone loss (MBL) progression, and the peri-implant sulcular fluid concentration of active metalloproteinase-8 (a-MMP-8) and the incidence of peri-implantitis (P) over 5 years of implant function. It has been documented that dental implants with a high degree of early marginal bone loss (MBL) are likely to achieve additional increased MBL during function. Moreover, it has been speculated that early increased MBL might be a predictive factor for the subsequent onset of peri-implant inflammatory diseases. Clinical and radiographic data at implant placement (T0) and restoration delivery (TR) at 6 months (T1), 2 years (T2), and 5 years (T5) post-loading were retrospectively collected. MBL levels/rates (MBLr) and peri-implant sulcular fluid levels/rates of a-MMP-8 were assessed at TR, T1, T2, and T5. Implants were divided into two groups: group 1 with peri-implantitis (P+) and group 2 without peri-implantitis (P-). A multi-level simple binary logistic regression, using generalized estimation equations (GEEs), was implemented to assess the association between each independent variable and P+. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to evaluate an optimal cutoff point for T1 MBL degree and a-MMP-8 level to discriminate between P+ and P- implants. A total of 80 patients who had received 80 implants between them (39 implants with a laser-microtextured collar surface (LMS) and 41 implants with a machined collar surface (MS)) were included. Periapical radiographs and a software package were used to measure MBL rates. Peri-implant sulcular implant fluid samples were analyzed by a chairside mouth-rinse test (ImplantSafe®) in combination with a digital reader (ORALyzer®). Twenty-four implants (six with an LMS and eighteen with an MS) were classified as P+. No statistically significant association was found between the amount of early bone remodeling, MBL progression, and MBLr and the incidence of peri-implantitis. Implants with a-MMP-8 levels >15.3 ng/mL at T1 presented a significantly higher probability of P+. The amount of early marginal bone remodeling cannot be considered as an indicator of the subsequent onset of P, whereas high a-MMP-8 levels 6 months after loading could have a distinct ability to predict P.

Prevalence of Peri-Implant Mucositis, Peri-Implantitis and Associated Risk Indicators of Implants with and without Laser-Microgrooved Collar Surface: A Long-Term (≥20 Years) Retrospective Study

“…Contradictory data are present in the literature about the influence of tissue phenotype on the onset of P [14,[55][56][57]. In the current study, the absence of a band of keratinized mucosa >2 mm was found to be a risk factor/indicator for P, but the difference was not statistically significant.…”

Salivary Nitric Oxide Levels in Adults with Different DMFT Scores in a Selected Iranian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…In future studies, the use of reactive nitrogen species such as dinitrogen trioxide may be useful. The stimulus in this regard is also continuously provided by the enormous possibility offered by the currently available tests in the planning and analysis of interleukins and inflammatory factors present in the saliva and at the level of the crevicular fluid present in the implant and periodontal sulcus ( 19 - 22 ). Furthermore, it is essential to consider the long-term importance in the primary prevention of carious lesions in order to obtain greater safety margins, particularly in the treatment of orthodontic patients undergoing fixed therapy, with devices that risk predisposing to the onset of caries ( 23 ).…”

Advancements in alveolar bone reconstruction: A systematic review of bone block utilization in dental practice

“…Regenerated tissues play a crucial role in achieving stable, long-term implant rehabilitation, enhancing bone remodeling, and minimizing factors such as early marginal bone loss and inflammation. 5,6 Different regenerative methods can be used for alveolar ridge or bone reconstructions, ranging from minor augmentations with bone or bone substitute particles to extensive reconstructions with microsurgical free flaps. 7,8 A variety of surgical techniques and biomaterials are employed in alveolar reconstructive surgery.…”