Can Peri‐Implant Crevicular Fluid Assist in the Diagnosis of Peri‐Implantitis? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Faot, Fernanda; Nascimento, Gustavo G.; Campão, Thiago D.; Leite, Fábio Renato Manzolli; Quirynen, Marc

doi:10.1902/jop.2015.140603

Cited by 94 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…The clear association observed between mGI and interleukin‐1β concentrations (Figure ), however, lends added credibility to the differential time course that was observed. The data compare well with previous reports on peri‐implant mucosal inflammation (Faot et al., ) and are in general agreement with previous observations using the experimental gingivitis model (Offenbacher et al., ). Comparison of observed interleukin‐1β concentrations with those reported in previous studies is difficult due to: (a) methodological differences in the assays (high versus normal sensitivity ELISA); (b) methodological differences in sample collection (intra‐ and extra‐crevicular methods); (c) different approaches to determination of the concentration (timed sample versus volume adjusted sample); and (d) differences in the methods used for induction of peri‐implant mucositis (spontaneous biofilm accumulation versus stent).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The depth of the implant mucosal tunnel modifies the development and resolution of experimental peri‐implant mucositis: A case–control study

Chan

Pelekos

et al. 2019

J Clinic Periodontology

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Background Resolution and prevention of peri‐implant mucositis are a key in preventing peri‐implantitis. This case–control study aims to assess the modifying effect of a deep mucosal tunnel (DMT) on the induction and resolution phases of experimental peri‐implant mucositis. Methods Nineteen subjects with a tissue level implant were assigned to cases (DMT, depth ≥3 mm) or controls (shallow mucosal tunnel ≤1 mm, SMT). Subjects underwent a standard experimental peri‐implant mucositis protocol characterized by an oral hygiene optimization phase, a 3‐week induction phase using an acrylic stent to prevent self‐performed oral hygiene at the experimental implant, and a 3 + 2 weeks resolution phase. Modified plaque (mPI), gingival index (mGI) and peri‐implant sulcus fluid IL‐1β concentrations were measured over time. Differences between DMT and SMT were assessed with the Mann–Whitney test. Results Modified plaque index and mGI increased in parallel during the induction phase. After resumption of oral hygiene practice, mPI and mGI resolved towards baseline values in the SMT group. In DMT, mPI and mGI values diverged: plaque resolved but resolution of inflammation was delayed and of smaller magnitude during the first 3 weeks after resumption of oral hygiene. IL‐1β concentrations were significantly higher in DMT at 21 days (end of induction) and during the resolution phase corroborating the clinical findings. Removal of the crown and submucosal professional cleaning were needed to revert mGI to baseline values in DMT implants. Conclusions The depth of the mucosal tunnel modifies the resolution of experimental peri‐implant mucositis at transmucosal implants. This observation raises important questions on the effectiveness of self‐performed oral hygiene in cases where implants are placed deeper and the ability to resolve mucositis and effectively prevent peri‐implantitis in such situations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The depth of the implant mucosal tunnel modifies the development and resolution of experimental peri‐implant mucositis: A case–control study

Chan

Pelekos

et al. 2019

J Clinic Periodontology

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“…Additionally, to complete the survey, a manual search of periodontics/implantology‐related journals from March 1995 to March 2018, including Journal of Clinical Periodontology, Clinical Oral Implants Research, Journal of Periodontology, Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, European Journal of Oral Implantology, International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants, Implant Dentistry, Journal of Oral Implantology, International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry . The related reviews and references of selected studies were further scanned for potentially relevant articles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A published systematic review and meta‐analysis, including articles up to 2013, investigated TNF‐α and IL‐1β in PICF, showing robust levels in disease compared to health, but no significant difference between MU and PI . Nonetheless, the extent of inflammation markedly increases from MU to PI, as shown by the majority of clinical studies.…”

Section: Introdcutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of IL‐1 β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and MMP‐8 biomarkers to distinguish peri‐implant diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Ghassib

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2018

Clin Implant Dent Rel Res

100

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Objective To investigate the use of peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) biomarkers in distinguishing between healthy implants (H), peri‐implant mucositis (MU), and peri‐implantitis (PI). Material and Methods Electronic using three databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane) and manual searches were conducted for articles published up to March 2018 by two independent calibrated reviewers. Meta‐analyses using a random‐effects model were conducted for each of the cytokines; IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α, to analyze standardized mean difference (SMD) between H and MU, MU and PI, H and PI with their associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Qualitative assessment of MMP‐8 was provided consequent to the lack of studies that provide valid data for a meta‐analysis. Results Nineteen articles were included in this review. IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α, levels were significantly higher in MU than H groups (SMD: 1.94; 95% CI: 0.87, 3.35; P < .001, SMD: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.16, 3.19; P = .031 and SMD: 3.91; 95% CI: 1.13, 6.70; P = .006, respectively). Similar results were obtained with PI compared to H sites (SMD: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.32, 3.11; P < .001, SMD: 1.72; 95% CI: 0.56, 2.87; P = .004 and SMD: 3.78; 95% CI: 1.67, 5.89; P < .001, respectively). IL‐6 was statistically higher in PI than MU sites (SMD = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.36, 2.55; P = .009); while IL‐1ß increase was not significant. Despite absence of meta‐analysis, MMP‐8 show to be a promising biomarker in detection of PI in literature. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, pro‐inflammatory cytokines in PICF, such as IL‐1ß and IL‐6, can be used as adjunct tools to clinical parameters to differentiate H from MU and PI.

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“…However, few of these studies examined the presence of more than five biomarkers in PICF, failing to analyse a broader spectrum of biomarkers that may directly influence the local inflammatory response (Faot et al. ). Therefore, the main objective of the present cross‐sectional study was to examine the profiles of 20 PICF biomarkers in healthy implants and implants with peri‐implantitis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peri‐implant crevicular fluid biomarkers as discriminants of peri‐implant health and disease

Zani

Moss

Shibli

et al. 2016

J Clinic Periodontology

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Can Peri‐Implant Crevicular Fluid Assist in the Diagnosis of Peri‐Implantitis? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Abstract: PICF containing inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, can be used as additional criteria for a more robust diagnosis of peri-implant infection. Additionally, once the inflammatory process is installed, no differences were found between peri-implant MU and PP.

Cited by 94 publications

References 30 publications

The depth of the implant mucosal tunnel modifies the development and resolution of experimental peri‐implant mucositis: A case–control study

The depth of the implant mucosal tunnel modifies the development and resolution of experimental peri‐implant mucositis: A case–control study

Use of IL‐1 β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and MMP‐8 biomarkers to distinguish peri‐implant diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Peri‐implant crevicular fluid biomarkers as discriminants of peri‐implant health and disease

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