Can Overfishing be Responsible for the Successful Establishment of Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Black Sea?

Influence of the temperature at the Black Sea ctenophores-aliens bioluminescence characteristics

“…Ctenophore M. leidyi, which invaded the Black Sea aquatorium with the ballast waters in the end of 80-ties, beginning of 90-ties, caused the mass growth of abundance [1]. This alien-species affected the feed mezozooplankton biomass, having undermined feed base of the plankton-eating fish-the base of the Black Sea market, pelagic fishes: anchovy, sprat, scad [2] considerably, together with another factors (climatic changes, in particular). Thus, mass growth of M. leidyi caused increase of the fish larvae share with the empty stomachs, which led to the food fish population decrease and their catches reduction more than 5 times by 1991 [3], resulted in economy loses because of the anchovy stocks decrease, evaluated in 240 mln dollars per year [4].…”

Man induced change in community control in the north-western Black Sea: The top-down bottom-up balance

“…Others have analysed the role of the Danube River inputs on pelagic ecosystems (Ivanov et 83 al., 2000;Lancelot et al, 2002;Grégoire et al, 2008) and the impact of overfishing on 84 pelagic fisheries (Gucu, 2002;Oguz and Gilbert, 2007). However, no study to date has dealt 85 with demersal and benthic fish food webs or the relationships between pelagic and bentho-86 demersal fish food webs.…”

The Ichthyoplankton State in the Sevastopol Bay Mouth (Black Sea)

“…Средняя численность организмов (экз/ м 2 ) и индексы разнообразия (Одум, 1986) рассчитаны по данным вертикальных ловов. (Зайцев, 1992;Расс, 2001;Gucu, 2002;Климова, 2005;Shiganova et al, 2014;Stefonova, 2014). …”