Can our global food system meet food demand within planetary boundaries?

Conijn, J.G.; Bindraban, P.S.; Schröder, J.J.; Jongschaap, R.E.E.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2017.06.001

Cited by 193 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Soil organic matter levels depend on crop residues left behind and applied manure and compost. The mineral cycle, mainly through excreta / manure, where minerals and nutrients are recycled in the soil (although often supply and uptake are not balanced); in other streams they are considered lost. Conijn et al . argue that 80% of total N input to the food system is lost.…”

Section: Increasing Circularitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For replenishment, nutrients and minerals are mined (P and K) and brought to the fields from elsewhere or produced chemically (N). Current N use is 150% higher than fits within planetary boundaries The carbon cycle, where the carbon is recycled through the air, including not only CO2, but also the more potent greenhouse gas, CH 4 .…”

Section: Increasing Circularitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mineral cycle, mainly through excreta / manure, where minerals and nutrients are recycled in the soil (although often supply and uptake are not balanced); in other streams they are considered lost. Conijn et al 7 argue that 80% of total N input to the food system is lost. For replenishment, nutrients and minerals are mined (P and K) and brought to the fields from elsewhere or produced chemically (N).…”

Section: Increasing Circularitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fulfilling the projected food demand is considered realistic by, among others, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, 1 by efficiency improvements and other major changes in the agro-food system. [2][3][4][5][6] Conijn et al 7 show that food demand can be met within planetary boundaries through diet changes and production improvements (projected feed conversion rate and crop-yield improvement). However, demands for non-food applications are not taken into consideration, or are taken into consideration to a very limited extent, in this and similar studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circular bio‐based production systems in the context of current biomass and fossil demand

Bos

Broeze

2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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In this article we explore the quantitative challenges posed by the intended circular biobased economy. To do this, we present the relative sizes, in terms of mass and energy, of the agro‐food and fossil production system, and the interrelations in the system of transformation to food, feed, materials, and energy. We deduce that the flows in the fossil system are of a comparable magnitude to the agricultural / biomass production in terms of mass and energy. This implies that replacing a significant fraction of fossil‐derived products by biobased products will be a huge challenge. Solving this challenge will require both efficiency improvements and circular innovations. The analysis reveals major inefficiencies in the current system. In terms of mass, the pathways from agricultural production to food seem quite inefficient, on average less than 10%. This suggests space for efficiency improvement. The relatively low efficiency of livestock production confirms the relevance of diet change. Likewise, enhanced utilization of side streams appears significant. However, we show that in the current system of linear chains, such solutions are insufficient to provide an alternative to the current volume of fossil use. We argue that, next to biobased solutions, multifunctional use and recycling will be essential if we want to maintain current living standards and reduce dependence on fossil feedstock. We reflect on this consideration, and define four different cycles in the combined biomass / fossil system. These circles may be optimized and extended to improve the circularity of our carbon‐based production systems and to fight climate change. © The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Increasing Circularitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increasing Circularitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increasing Circularitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circular bio‐based production systems in the context of current biomass and fossil demand

Bos

Broeze

2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…tropical fruits, coffee, tea). In the global study the state of the food system in 2010 was modelled with respect to land use, GHG emission, N and P cycling (Conijn et al, 2018). This model, BIOSPACS (Balancing Inputs and Outputs for the Sustainable Production of Agricultural CommoditieS), was also used to explore the possibilities to meet food demand at the global level in 2050 within planetary boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food related land requirement and phosphorus balance of The Netherlands : Appendix of report Closing the life cycle of phosphorus in an urban food system: the case Almere (NL) report WPR – 725

Conijn¹,

Ppo²,

Landgebruik³

et al. 2018

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Seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen fertilization for no‐till cereal production

et al. 2020

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Cereal crops have a high N requirement in a high‐yield environment. However, N use efficiency is still low in agricultural production systems and little is known about the effects of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in a high‐yield environment. A field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2018 with a maize (Zea mays L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation under a continuous no‐till in southern Brazil. Seeds were inoculated with A. brasilense (strains Ab‐V5 and Ab‐V6) and different levels of N fertilization were used in top dressing. Seed inoculation provided slight changes in N, P, and K concentrations in leaves and grains of maize and wheat. Increasing N input increased the leaf and grain N concentration and the maize and wheat grain yields. Seed inoculation caused varied responses on cereals in different cropping seasons. Wheat was more affected by inoculation in response to N application than maize. Rainfall distribution during the growing seasons possibly interfered on crop responses with inoculation between years and N fertilization levels. Under a similar N input, inoculation resulted in an average increase of 454 kg ha−1 yr−1 of maize and 242 kg ha−1 yr−1 of wheat by applying a higher N rate to the maize and a lower N rate to the wheat. An additional gain of US$409.72 ha−1 (2012–2018) was also achieved using this strategy. Although the possibility of inoculation causing economy with N fertilization in wheat was evident, for maize in rotation with wheat, A. brasilense inoculation was apparently more viable under higher N fertilizer input.

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Can our global food system meet food demand within planetary boundaries?

Cited by 193 publications

References 18 publications

Circular bio‐based production systems in the context of current biomass and fossil demand

Circular bio‐based production systems in the context of current biomass and fossil demand

Food related land requirement and phosphorus balance of The Netherlands : Appendix of report Closing the life cycle of phosphorus in an urban food system: the case Almere (NL) report WPR – 725

Seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen fertilization for no‐till cereal production

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