Can non-cholesterol sterols and lipoprotein subclasses distribution predict different patterns of cholesterol metabolism and statin therapy response?

Gojković, Tamara; Vladimirov, Sandra; Spasojević‐Kalimanovska, Vesna; Zeljković, Aleksandra; Vekić, Jelena; Kalimanovska-Oštrić, Dimitra; Djuričić, Ivana; Šobajić, Sladjana; Jelić‐Ivanović, Zorana

doi:10.1515/cclm-2016-0505

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, in another study, common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) correlated with serum cholesterol and sterol markers of cholesterol synthesis, but was weakly negatively correlated with the cholesterol absorption markers [12]. Furthermore, patients with cardiovascular disease had elevated markers of synthesis and decreased markers of intestinal cholesterol absorption in relation to controls, but also were older and had greater body mass index (BMI) [8]. Consequently, the controversy over the role in CVD of the synthesis and absorption markers of cholesterol remains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Plasma non-cholesterol synthesis and absorption sterols have been utilized as markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Accordingly, compared with controls, established cardiovascular disease cases, not on lipid lowering medication, presented plasma sterols significantly higher as cholesterol absorption markers and lower as cholesterol synthesis markers [3,4,[6][7][8][9]. A review on the subject [10] suggested that in most of the studies increased level of the markers of cholesterol absorption is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The coronary artery calcium score is linked to plasma cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers: Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health

et al. 2020

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Abstract It is controversial whether atherosclerosis is linked to increased intestinal cholesterol absorption or synthesis in humans. The aim of the present study was to relate atherosclerosis to the measurements of plasma markers of cholesterol synthesis (desmosterol, lathosterol) and absorption (campesterol, sitosterol). In healthy male (n=344), non-obese, non-diabetics, belonging to the city of São Paulo branch of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), we measured in plasma these non-cholesterol sterol markers, together with their anthropometric, dietary parameters, traditional atherosclerotic risk factors, and blood chemistry, coronary arterial calcium score (CAC), and ultrasonographically measured common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT). Cases with CAC>zero had the following parameters higher than cases with CAC = zero: age, waist circumference (WC), plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non HDL-C). Plasma desmosterol and campesterol, duly corrected for TC, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hypertension, smoking, and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) correlated with CAC, but not with CCA-IMT. The latter related to increased age, BMI, waist circumference (WC), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Plasma HDL-C concentrations did not define CAC or CCA-IMT degrees, although in relation to the lower tertile of HDL-C in plasma the higher tertile of HDL-C had lower HOMA-IR and concentration of a cholesterol synthesis marker (desmosterol). Present work indicated that increased cholesterol synthesis and absorption represent primary causes of CAD, but not of the common carotid artery atherosclerosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The coronary artery calcium score is linked to plasma cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers: Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health

et al. 2020

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“…Body cholesterol pool is maintained by delicate balance between the processes of cholesterol synthesis, absorption, and biliary secretion, all of which can be affected even by subtle alterations in thyroid hormones levels (60). Plasma noncholesterol sterols, including cholesterol precursors and plant sterols, are validated biomarkers of cholesterol biosynthesis and intestinal absorption efficiency (66). The results of a small study by Matysik et al (67) suggested that the levels of plasma non-cholesterol sterols could serve as indicators of disrupted cholesterol homeostasis in patients with hyper-and hypothyroidism.…”

Section: Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Dyslipidemia in Childhood: A Review

et al. 2019

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Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is the most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism in the pediatric population. Development of AIT is mediated mainly by cellular immune response directed toward thyroid autoantigens, leading to inflammation and impaired function of thyroid gland. Both thyroid dysfunction and inflammation affect the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. The alterations in lipid profile worsen with the advancement of hypothyroidism, ranging from discrete changes in euthyroid AIT patients, to atherogenic dyslipidemia in the overt hypothyroidism. In this review, characteristics of dyslipidemia in pediatric AIT patients, and the consequences in respect to the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development are discussed. Additionally, benefit of L-thyroxine treatment on serum lipid profile in pediatric AIT patients is addressed. Finally, potential usefulness of novel lipid biomarkers, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), non-cholesterol sterols, low-density lipoprotein particle size and number, and high-density lipoprotein structure and functionality in AIT patients is also covered. Further longitudinal studies are needed in order to elucidate the long-term cardiovascular outcomes of dyslipidemia in pediatric patients with Hashimoto AIT.

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“…Studies have shown inconsistent lipoprotein abnormalities across different patterns of cholesterol homeostasis. The 24-dehydrocholesterol/sitosterol ratio can be used to assess patient dyslipidemia and to guide treatment after disease progression [ 2 ]. A study showed that abnormal concentrations of low synthetic and high absorption markers of cholesterol in the blood reflect an impaired homeostatic environment, which is an important independent prognostic factor for the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Chromatography and Flame-Ionization Detection of Non-Cholesterol Sterols as Indicators of Cholesterol Absorption and Synthesis in 158 Chinese Individuals with Normolipidemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Med Sci Monit

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Background There are limited studies on the effects of cholesterol homeostasis in populations at high risk for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to use gas chromatography and flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) of non-cholesterol sterols as indicators of cholesterol absorption and synthesis. Sterol indicators of cholesterol absorption included campesterol, stigmasterol, and sitosterol. Sterol indicators of cholesterol synthesis included squalene, 7-lathosterol, and desmosterol. Material/Methods A total of 158 participants were enrolled in 3 groups: healthy control (n=64), hyperlipidemia (n=69), and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH, n=25). Age, sex, blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipoprotein were collected, and cholesterol absorption and synthesis markers were determined by GC-FID. Results All 6 cholesterol concentration indicators, except squalene, were significantly different among the 3 groups (all P <0.05); whereas in the ratio to cholesterol (%, sterols/cholesterol), only desmosterol and lathosterol were significantly different ( P <0.05). Multifactorial regression analysis showed that triglycerides, total cholesterol, and desmosterol were independent risk factors affecting the development of hyperlipidemia ( P <0.05). The efficacy of the ROC curve for the diagnosis of dyslipidemia was also higher for all 3 indices (Model 1, AUC=0.960). Model 1 was superior to Model 2 for the 6 indicators of cholesterol. For the FH and dyslipidemia groups, the 6-indicator model (Model 3) was shown to have a good diagnostic value (AUC=1.000). Conclusions The 6 sterol indicators of cholesterol absorption and synthesis had a dynamic course in all study participants. Desmosterol was an indicator of dyslipidemia. The combined use of the 6 sterol indicators differentiated between healthy individuals and patients with dyslipidemia and FH.

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Can non-cholesterol sterols and lipoprotein subclasses distribution predict different patterns of cholesterol metabolism and statin therapy response?

Abstract: The results suggest the existence of different lipoprotein abnormalities according to various patterns of cholesterol homeostasis. Desmosterol/β-sitosterol ratio could be used for estimating individual propensity toward dyslipidemia development and direct the future treatment.

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

The coronary artery calcium score is linked to plasma cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers: Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health

The coronary artery calcium score is linked to plasma cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers: Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health

Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Dyslipidemia in Childhood: A Review

Gas Chromatography and Flame-Ionization Detection of Non-Cholesterol Sterols as Indicators of Cholesterol Absorption and Synthesis in 158 Chinese Individuals with Normolipidemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Familial Hypercholesterolemia

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