The coronary artery calcium score is linked to plasma cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers: Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health

Nunes, V.S.; Lotufo, Paulo A; Passarelli, Marisa; Nakandakare, Edna Regina; Quintão, Eder Carlos Rocha

doi:10.1042/bsr20201094

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The concentrations of these markers are almost comparable between these studies. In contrast, a report from Brazil 13) reported a much lower Campe concentration in males (1.368±0.960 μg/mL) than that in our results (median value 4.30 μg/mL). As BMI is inversely associated with Campe, as shown in this study, the difference in Campe levels may be explained by the difference in BMI between studies.…”

Section: Association Of Serum Lipid Parameters With Non-contrasting

confidence: 99%

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Serum Values of Cholesterol Absorption and Synthesis Biomarkers in Japanese Healthy Subjects: The CACHE Study HEALTHY Analysis

Ishibashi

Yoshida

Kotani

et al. 2023

JAT

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Aim: Blood cholesterol absorption and synthesis biomarkers predict cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to determine the values of serum non-cholesterol sterol markers [lathosterol (Latho), campesterol (Campe), and sitosterol (Sito)] in healthy individuals and factors affecting these markers. Methods: The CACHE Consortium compiled clinical data, including serum Latho (cholesterol synthesis marker), and Campe and Sito (cholesterol absorption markers), by a gas chromatography method in 2944 individuals. Healthy subjects were selected by excluding those with prior cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, familial hypercholesterolemia, sitosterolemia, current smokers, those with low (＜17 kg/m 2 ) or high (≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) body mass index (BMI), and those with treatment for dyslipidemia or hyperuricemia. Nonlinear regression stratified by sex was used to examine the associations of cholesterol metabolism markers with age, BMI, and serum lipid levels. Results: Of 479 individuals selected, 59.4% were female; the median age was 48 years in females and 50 years in males. The three markers showed positively skewed distributions, and sex differences were present. Age was associated positively with Latho, inversely with Campe, but not significantly with Sito. BMI was associated positively with Latho, but not significantly with Campe or Sito. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was positively associated with Campe and Sito, but not significantly with Latho. Non-HDL-C was positively associated with the three markers. Conclusion: Our study results in the healthy subjects help to interpret the non-cholesterol sterol markers for cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.

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Section: Association Of Serum Lipid Parameters With Non-contrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Serum or plasma levels of these biomarkers in "healthy" populations have been reported and are summarized in Supplemental Table 1 5,9,[12][13][14] . However, criteria for the selection of subjects were different among studies, leading to different study populations and different results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Values of Cholesterol Absorption and Synthesis Biomarkers in Japanese Healthy Subjects: The CACHE Study HEALTHY Analysis

Ishibashi

Yoshida

Kotani

et al. 2023

JAT

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“…We did not find associations between cIMT and the synthesis (desmosterol and lathosterol) and absorption (campesterol and sitosterol) cholesterol markers. Similarly, in a population of young Finnish men in their usual diet were not observed associations or correlations between cholesterol synthesis and absorption with a vascular structure measured by cIMT [ 12 ]. Our results corroborate those of Nunes et al showing increased cholesterol synthesis and absorption characterized, respectively, as high concentrations of desmosterol and campesterol when properly corrected for age, BMI, WC, hypertension, TC, smoking, and HOMA-IR representing primary causes of CAD, but not of the common carotid artery atherosclerosis [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like cIMT, the carotid plaque has also been associated with cardiovascular risk, which could be used as a prognostic marker for future cardiovascular events, however, the extent to which the increase in cIMT is related to the future development of the carotid plaque is not entirely clear [ 9 , 10 ]. The relationship between subclinical atherosclerosis determined by cIMT and changes in cholesterol homeostasis was previously explored, but the findings are still controversial [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Campesterol Is Positively Associated with Carotid Plaques in Asymptomatic Subjects

Nunes

Campos

Baracat

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Background: Increased cholesterol absorption and reduced synthesis are processes that have been associated with cardiovascular disease risk in a controversial way. However, most of the studies involving markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption include conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, which can be confounding factors. The present study aimed at investigating the relationships of plasma cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, cIMT (carotid intima-media thickness), and the presence of carotid plaques in asymptomatic subjects. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 270 asymptomatic individuals and anthropometrical parameters, fasting plasma lipids, glucometabolic profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), markers of cholesterol synthesis (desmosterol and lathosterol), absorption (campesterol and sitosterol), cIMT, and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed. Results: Among the selected subjects aged between 19 and 75 years, 51% were females. Age, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, non-HDL-C, triglycerides, glucose, and lathosterol/sitosterol ratios correlated positively with cIMT (p ≤ 0.05). Atherosclerotic plaques were present in 19% of the subjects. A direct association of carotid plaques with campesterol, OR = 1.71 (95% CI = 1.04–2.82, p ≤ 0.05) and inverse associations with both ratios lathosterol/campesterol, OR = 0.29 (CI = 0.11–0.80, p ≤ 0.05) and lathosterol/sitosterol, OR = 0.45 (CI = 0.22–0.95, p ≤ 0.05) were observed in univariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: The findings suggested that campesterol may be associated with atherosclerotic plaques and the lathosterol/campesterol or sitosterol ratios suggested an inverse association. Furthermore, synthesis and absorption of cholesterol are inverse processes, and the absorption marker, campesterol, may reflect changes in body cholesterol homeostasis with atherogenic potential.

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“…Synthetic markers and absorption markers of cholesterol are more sensitive to cholesterol metabolism than each marker, which has been pointed out in previous studies on cholesterol synthesis [ 32 ]. Moreover, recent studies have shown that increased cholesterol synthesis and absorption is a major cause of coronary heart disease [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Chromatography and Flame-Ionization Detection of Non-Cholesterol Sterols as Indicators of Cholesterol Absorption and Synthesis in 158 Chinese Individuals with Normolipidemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Med Sci Monit

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Background There are limited studies on the effects of cholesterol homeostasis in populations at high risk for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to use gas chromatography and flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) of non-cholesterol sterols as indicators of cholesterol absorption and synthesis. Sterol indicators of cholesterol absorption included campesterol, stigmasterol, and sitosterol. Sterol indicators of cholesterol synthesis included squalene, 7-lathosterol, and desmosterol. Material/Methods A total of 158 participants were enrolled in 3 groups: healthy control (n=64), hyperlipidemia (n=69), and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH, n=25). Age, sex, blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipoprotein were collected, and cholesterol absorption and synthesis markers were determined by GC-FID. Results All 6 cholesterol concentration indicators, except squalene, were significantly different among the 3 groups (all P <0.05); whereas in the ratio to cholesterol (%, sterols/cholesterol), only desmosterol and lathosterol were significantly different ( P <0.05). Multifactorial regression analysis showed that triglycerides, total cholesterol, and desmosterol were independent risk factors affecting the development of hyperlipidemia ( P <0.05). The efficacy of the ROC curve for the diagnosis of dyslipidemia was also higher for all 3 indices (Model 1, AUC=0.960). Model 1 was superior to Model 2 for the 6 indicators of cholesterol. For the FH and dyslipidemia groups, the 6-indicator model (Model 3) was shown to have a good diagnostic value (AUC=1.000). Conclusions The 6 sterol indicators of cholesterol absorption and synthesis had a dynamic course in all study participants. Desmosterol was an indicator of dyslipidemia. The combined use of the 6 sterol indicators differentiated between healthy individuals and patients with dyslipidemia and FH.

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The coronary artery calcium score is linked to plasma cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers: Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Serum Values of Cholesterol Absorption and Synthesis Biomarkers in Japanese Healthy Subjects: The CACHE Study HEALTHY Analysis

Serum Values of Cholesterol Absorption and Synthesis Biomarkers in Japanese Healthy Subjects: The CACHE Study HEALTHY Analysis

Plasma Campesterol Is Positively Associated with Carotid Plaques in Asymptomatic Subjects

Gas Chromatography and Flame-Ionization Detection of Non-Cholesterol Sterols as Indicators of Cholesterol Absorption and Synthesis in 158 Chinese Individuals with Normolipidemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Familial Hypercholesterolemia

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