Can Natural Killer Cells Be a Principal Player in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunity?

Ahmed, Faria; Jo, Dong Hyeon; Lee, Seung Hwan

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.586765

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 106 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The axis monocytes-macrophages-NK-DCs coordinate the innate immune response and promote viral clearance. Still, as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, they get dysregulated, promoting excessive cytokine release affecting adaptive immunity ( 32 , 64 , 228 , 229 , 231 , 232 ). We described this downhill effect in three main dysregulated processes in which the found cells take part: dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune response and the cytokine mayhem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Deep Landscape Exploration of COVID-19 Patients Cells and Severity Markers

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

COVID-19 is a disease with a spectrum of clinical responses ranging from moderate to critical. To study and control its effects, a large number of researchers are focused on two substantial aims. On the one hand, the discovery of diverse biomarkers to classify and potentially anticipate the disease severity of patients. These biomarkers could serve as a medical criterion to prioritize attention to those patients with higher prone to severe responses. On the other hand, understanding how the immune system orchestrates its responses in this spectrum of disease severities is a fundamental issue required to design new and optimized therapeutic strategies. In this work, using single-cell RNAseq of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of nine patients with COVID-19 and three healthy controls, we contribute to both aspects. First, we presented computational supervised machine-learning models with high accuracy in classifying the disease severity (moderate and severe) in patients with COVID-19 starting from single-cell data from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Second, we identified regulatory mechanisms from the heterogeneous cell populations in the lungs microenvironment that correlated with different clinical responses. Given the results, patients with moderate COVID-19 symptoms showed an activation/inactivation profile for their analyzed cells leading to a sequential and innocuous immune response. In comparison, severe patients might be promoting cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory responses in a systemic fashion involving epithelial and immune cells without the possibility to develop viral clearance and immune memory. Consequently, we present an in-depth landscape analysis of how transcriptional factors and pathways from these heterogeneous populations can regulate their expression to promote or restrain an effective immune response directly linked to the patients prognosis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Deep Landscape Exploration of COVID-19 Patients Cells and Severity Markers

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Natural killer cells normally induce cytotoxicity (266,267) and diminished cytolytic function during cytokine storm in COVID-19 disease prolong antigenic stimulation and unresolved inflammation following IL-6 stimulation (268)(269)(270)(271)(272). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress activation, proliferation and cytokine production of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells and are thought to suppress B cells and dendritic cells, being involved in immune tolerance.…”

Section: Pattern Recognition Proteins and The Bridges With Other Innate Immune Components And Adaptive Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses

Labarrere

Kassab

2021

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rapid outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, has become a worldwide pandemic affecting almost 204 million people and causing more than 4.3 million deaths as of August 11 2021. This pandemic has placed a substantial burden on the global healthcare system and the global economy. Availability of novel prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are crucially needed to prevent development of severe disease leading to major complications both acutely and chronically. The success in fighting this virus results from three main achievements: (a) Direct killing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; (b) Development of a specific vaccine, and (c) Enhancement of the host’s immune system. A fundamental necessity to win the battle against the virus involves a better understanding of the host’s innate and adaptive immune response to the virus. Although the role of the adaptive immune response is directly involved in the generation of a vaccine, the role of innate immunity on RNA viruses in general, and coronaviruses in particular, is mostly unknown. In this review, we will consider the structure of RNA viruses, mainly coronaviruses, and their capacity to affect the lungs and the cardiovascular system. We will also consider the effects of the pattern recognition protein (PRP) trident composed by (a) Surfactant proteins A and D, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and complement component 1q (C1q), (b) C-reactive protein, and (c) Innate and adaptive IgM antibodies, upon clearance of viral particles and apoptotic cells in lungs and atherosclerotic lesions. We emphasize on the role of pattern recognition protein immune therapies as a combination treatment to prevent development of severe respiratory syndrome and to reduce pulmonary and cardiovascular complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and summarize the need of a combined therapeutic approach that takes into account all aspects of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease to allow mankind to beat this pandemic killer.

show abstract

“…Further, the viral defense host cellular components are impaired in these patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease [ 229 ] and with COVID-19 disease [ 230 ], where the antiviral effector immune cells, such as mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells), were significantly reduced. These patients exhibit decreased levels of natural killer cells (NK cells) [ 231 ] and CD8 + T cells that are attested by the expressed exhaustion markers such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) on its cell surface, implicating that the circulating so called antiviral immune cells remain defenseless and are correlated with the COVID-19 disease severity [ 232 ].…”

Section: Comprehensive Clinical Observations On Sars-cov-2 Infected Patients Associating With Cardiovascular Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SARS-CoV-2/Receptor Axis in Heart and Blood Vessels: A Crisp Update on COVID-19 Disease with Cardiovascular Complications

Veluswamy

Wacker

Stavridis

et al. 2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 disease has emerged expeditiously in the world and has been declared pandemic since March 2020, by World Health Organization (WHO). The destructive effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are increased among the patients with pre-existing chronic conditions and, in particular, this review focuses on patients with underlying cardiovascular complications. The expression pattern and potential functions of SARS-CoV-2 binding receptors and the attributes of SARS-CoV-2 virus tropism in a physio-pathological state of heart and blood vessel are precisely described. Of note, the atheroprotective role of ACE2 receptors is reviewed. A detailed description of the possible detrimental role of SARS-CoV-2 infection in terms of vascular leakage, including endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction and bradykinin 1 receptor stimulation is concisely stated. Furthermore, the potential molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 induced clot formation in association with host defense components, including activation of FXIIa, complements and platelets, endothelial dysfunction, immune cell responses with cytokine-mediated action are well elaborated. Moreover, a brief clinical update on patient with COVID-19 disease with underlying cardiovascular complications and those who had new onset of cardiovascular complications post-COVID-19 disease was also discussed. Taken together, this review provides an overview of the mechanistic aspects of SARS-CoV-2 induced devastating effects, in vital organs such as the heart and vessels.

show abstract

Can Natural Killer Cells Be a Principal Player in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunity?

Cited by 31 publications

References 106 publications

On Deep Landscape Exploration of COVID-19 Patients Cells and Severity Markers

On Deep Landscape Exploration of COVID-19 Patients Cells and Severity Markers

Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses

The SARS-CoV-2/Receptor Axis in Heart and Blood Vessels: A Crisp Update on COVID-19 Disease with Cardiovascular Complications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About