Can Ketogenic Diet Therapy Improve Migraine Frequency, Severity and Duration?

Haslam, Rebecca L; Bezzina, Aaron; Herbert, Jaimee; Spratt, Neil; Rollo, Megan E.; Collins, Clare E.

doi:10.3390/healthcare9091105

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The above was proved by a reduction in the prevalence of migraine days and attacks in 35 people with overweight or obesity and migraine [ 98 ]. Moreover, a 3 month randomized controlled crossover clinical survey including two nutritional intervention phases was undertaken in 16 individuals [ 99 ]. Eligible participants had previous migraines and repeatedly experienced incidents of modest or slightly severe headaches in the past 4 weeks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship of Ketogenic Diet with Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: A Scoping Review from Basic Research to Clinical Practice

et al. 2023

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Background: The ketogenic diet (KD) has become widespread for the therapy of epileptic pathology in childhood and adulthood. In the last few decades, the current re-emergence of its popularity has focused on the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus. KD also exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, which could be utilized for the therapy of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Purpose: This is a thorough, scoping review that aims to summarize and scrutinize the currently available basic research performed in in vitro and in vivo settings, as well as the clinical evidence of the potential beneficial effects of KD against neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. This review was conducted to systematically map the research performed in this area as well as identify gaps in knowledge. Methods: We thoroughly explored the most accurate scientific web databases, e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to obtain the most recent in vitro and in vivo data from animal studies as well as clinical human surveys from the last twenty years, applying effective and characteristic keywords. Results: Basic research has revealed multiple molecular mechanisms through which KD can exert neuroprotective effects, such as neuroinflammation inhibition, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, decreased amyloid plaque deposition and microglial activation, protection in dopaminergic neurons, tau hyper-phosphorylation suppression, stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis, enhancing gut microbial diversity, restoration of histone acetylation, and neuron repair promotion. On the other hand, clinical evidence remains scarce. Most existing clinical studies are modest, frequently uncontrolled, and merely assess the short-term impacts of KD. Moreover, several clinical studies had large dropout rates and a considerable lack of compliance assessment, as well as an increased level of heterogeneity in the study design and methodology. Conclusions: KD can exert substantial neuroprotective effects via multiple molecular mechanisms in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric pathological states. Large, long-term, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials with a prospective design are strongly recommended to delineate whether KD may attenuate or even treat neurodegenerative and psychiatric disease development, progression, and symptomatology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship of Ketogenic Diet with Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: A Scoping Review from Basic Research to Clinical Practice

et al. 2023

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“…This study did not show any significant difference between the two interventions. However, the small sample size may have affected the results [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migraine Prevention through Ketogenic Diet: More than Body Mass Composition Changes

Valente

Garbo

Filippi

et al. 2022

JCM

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The ketogenic diet (KD) is gaining attention as a preventive treatment for migraine, which is sustained by many pre-clinical and clinical data. KD is also used for weight loss, and there is a relation between migraine and weight excess, but it is speculated that KD efficacy on migraine may go beyond this effect. We conducted a retrospective observational study on 23 migraine patients who received a KD and were evaluated at the baseline and then after 3 months both from a neurological and a nutritional point of view, including body mass composition analysis. We observed a reduction in monthly headache days (12.5 ± 9.5 vs. 6.7 ± 8.6; p < 0.001) and in days of acute medication intake (11.06 ± 9.37 vs. 4.93 ± 7.99; p = 0.008). We also observed a reduction in patients’ weight (73.8 ± 15.2 vs. 68.4 ± 14.6; p < 0.001) and BMI (26.9 ± 6.2 vs. 23.7 ± 8.1; p < 0.001) with a decrement of the fat mass (28.6 ± 12.5 vs. 20.6 ± 9.8; p < 0.001). Patients who responded to KD and those who did not had no differences with respect to weight or fat mass loss. These data corroborate the utilization of KD as a preventive treatment for migraine and suggest that the efficacy of such an intervention is not only due to weight or fat mass loss but probably relies on other mechanisms specific to KD.

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“…While it has been demonstrated that KDs subside the frequency and intensity of migraine attacks [45 ▪ ], some adverse events have been reported. Those mainly include gastrointestinal-related side effects such as stomach upset, constipation, bloating, and flatulence, but also fatigue, difficulty sleeping, dizziness, and irritability [46]. A systematic review of literature and meta-analysis of ketosis and migraine [47 ▪▪ ] has also concluded that ketogenic therapy might be beneficial for patients with migraine.…”

Section: Dietary Approaches For Migrainementioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and migraine: what is proven?

Gazerani

2023

Current Opinion in Neurology

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Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to present the latest research findings about diet and migraine, what can be used in the clinic now, and what needs further investigation. Recent findings Recent findings highlight that dietary triggers exist for migraine, for example, coffee and alcohol, according to a new systematic review. Elimination diets must be personalized to delineate a balanced diet with acceptable quality and pattern. A piece of average-quality evidence shows that the ketogenic diet (KD) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) are effective in reducing the frequency, duration, and severity of migraine headaches in adult patients. The gut microbiome is altered in patients with migraine, and further research will identify the benefits of pre and probiotic use for migraine. Advanced digital technology in continuous monitoring can provide educational content based on patients’ needs, help patients adhere to dietary plans, and strengthen personalized care. The complex interaction of lifestyle factors, the influence of age and sex, and patients’ needs in various life phases are essential in formulating dietary plans. Summary The diet-migraine interaction is a dynamic bidirectional phenomenon that requires careful monitoring, review, and justification of dietary choices to yield the optimal outcome while minimizing potential risks.

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Can Ketogenic Diet Therapy Improve Migraine Frequency, Severity and Duration?

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

The Relationship of Ketogenic Diet with Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: A Scoping Review from Basic Research to Clinical Practice

The Relationship of Ketogenic Diet with Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: A Scoping Review from Basic Research to Clinical Practice

Migraine Prevention through Ketogenic Diet: More than Body Mass Composition Changes

Diet and migraine: what is proven?

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