Can iron, zinc, copper and selenium status be a prognostic determinant in COVID-19 patients?

The concentrations of essential/toxic elements in serum of COVID-19 patients are not directly related to the severity of the disease

“…In spite of the tremendous amount of information published on various aspects of the COVID-19, data on the body levels of trace elements in this disease is rather scarce [26] , [27] , [28] , [35] , [40] , [44] , [45] . Our results disagree with some results of Zeng et al [35] , who determined the levels of a number of trace elements in whole blood samples of COVID-19 patients.…”

“…On the other hand, the role of nutrition in the immune system function is a well-known key factor [24] . In relation to this, a considerable number of clinical studies have demonstrated that essential minerals are responsible for regulating cellular homeostasis, humoral and cellular immune responses, acting as cofactors for a number of antioxidant enzymes and molecules [25] , [26] , [27] . However, abnormal levels of micronutrients may cause adverse health effects, including COVID-19 severity [28] , [29] .…”

Relationship between selenium status, selenoproteins and COVID-19 and other inflammatory diseases: A critical review

“…The potential influence of Se nutritional status and selenoproteins on viral infections has been recurrently documented in the literature [16] , [18] , [19] , [36] , [38] , [39] , [41] , [150] , [167] , [187] , [188] , [194] , [195] , [196] , [197] , [198] , [199] , [200] , [201] . Studies have demonstrated that Se and selenoproteins contribute to host immunity and regulate viral pathogenesis.…”

N-Acetyl Cysteine Restores the Diminished Activity of the Antioxidant Enzymatic System Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Preliminary Findings

“…The temperature median was of 36 , the arterial pressure (78, 71-102 mmHg), the body temperature (36, 36.5-37.2 • C), total cholesterol (1363, 89-210 mg/dL), triglycerides (186.5, 80-726 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein (26, 14-40 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein (62, 40-110 mg/dL), leukocytes (8.8, 3.5-14.9 10 3 /µL), lymphocytes (8.3, 0.14-1.54 10 3 /µL), platelets median (253, 164-408 10 3 /µL), ferritin (435.4, 146-2592 ng/mL), D-dimer (605, 200-2100 µg/mL), CRP (143.15, 44.7-221 mg/L), IL-6 (16, 7.8-324 pg/mL), NR (8.4, 6-67), procalcitonin (0.23, 0.08-11.4 ng/mL). The sepsis score according to SOFA index was (0, 0-3), APACHE (5.5, 4-8), and SAPS (27,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). The patients with moderate and severe condition were 8, respectively (50/50%), and the number of days with mechanic ventilation was (13,, days in ICU were (17,, and death 2 (12%).…”