Can Facial Masking Slow Down the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 by a Variolation-like Effect?

Şahiner, Fatih

doi:10.46683/jmvi.2020.9

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…One of the topics discussed is that the viral load taken during transmission at the beginning of the infection is directly related to the severity of the infection [49]. In It has been shown that SARS-CoV is affected by temperature and low ambient temperature supports the persistence of the virus on surfaces [110].…”

Section: Viral Load In Infectious Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Spreading of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Risk Factors: Epidemiological, Immunological and Virological Aspects

Sümbül¹,

Şahiner²

2020

jmvi

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SARS-CoV-2, the third coronavirus associated with severe respiratory infections in humans, spreads more easily and quickly in the community, with a higher infectiousness rate compared to the other two betacoronavirus species (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV). The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, in which the number of cases worldwide has exceeded 30 million, has been the biggest global epidemic of the last century with serious concerns and socioeconomic impacts. Educational activities, meetings, worship, tourism, trade and sports organizations came to a halt in many countries during the pandemic period and national and international travel restrictions were applied. Also, in most countries, to protect the population at risk and to slow/stop the spread of infection; nationwide or regional curfew restrictions have been imposed according to risk analysis, and public health measures such as the obligation to wear a mask and quarantine precautions have been taken. The starting time of implementation of these measures, duration and controlling of the restrictions has been one of the important parameters determining the degree of countries affected by the epidemic. Studies on transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 infections provide new information on epidemiological, immunological and virological parameters that are effective in the community spread of the virus. Epidemiological parameters generally include age, gender, presence of concomitant diseases/conditions, sociocultural habits, the role of asymptomatic persons and reservoir animals, seasonality of infections. Immunological factors include conditions associated with the immune response, such as susceptible individuals with immunodeficiency, the role of people who shed the virus for a long time, the level and duration of protective immunity in recovered people, effectiveness of active and passive immunization, the importance of viral load in the transmission and clinical course. Among the virological parameters that can affect the spread of the infection include the resistance of the virus to environmental conditions and disinfectants, receptor affinity and the degree of adaptation to humans, possible mutations associated with immune escape and virulence. In this article, by mentioning the situations that may pose a risk for the transmission, social spread and clinical course of infections, the main protective measures under the related topics are highlighted.

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Section: Viral Load In Infectious Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Spreading of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Risk Factors: Epidemiological, Immunological and Virological Aspects

Sümbül¹,

Şahiner²

2020

jmvi

Self Cite

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“…Mevcut bilimsel verilere dayalı olarak MPXV'nin bulaşma yolları ve immün yanıt mekanizmalarının, solunum yolu enfeksiyonları ile çok hızlı bir şekilde yayılabilen diğer etkenlerden belirgin farklılıklar arz ettiğinin kesin olarak bilinmesi nedeniyle [6],…”

Section: Seksenden Fazla Virüs Türünün Sınıflandırıldığıunclassified

“…İlk çiçek hastalığı salgınının milattan önce 1350'de Mısır-Hitit savaşı sırasında kaydedildiği ve hastalığın 1507'de İspanyolların Yeni Dünya'ya girişi ile Amerika kıtasına yayıldığı bilinmektedir[11]. Çiçek hastalığından kurtulan ve iyileşen kişilerin bağışıklık kazandığı bilgisi ile; 1700'lerde Çin ve Hindistan'da ve hemen sonraki dönemlerde Türkiye'de enfeksiyona duyarlı kişileri hastalığa karşı korumada "variyolasyon" ile bağışıklama uygulanmaktaydı[6,11]. Bu bilginin İstanbul'danLondra'ya taşınması ve Edward Jenner'in inek çiçeği hastalarının enfeksiyondan korunduğunu gözlemlemesi ve sonrasında başlattığı çalışmalar 18. yüzyıldaki küresel çiçek pandemisini sona İlginç olarak, Jenner'in başarılı deneylerini anlatan orijinal makalesi İngiltere'de Kraliyet Cemiyeti Konseyi tarafından reddedildi, çünkü çalışmada sunulan veriler "yerleşik bilgiyle çelişiyordu" ve "inanılmazdı".…”

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An Overview of Monkeypox Virus and Other Medically Important Poxviruses

Şahiner

Tekin

2022

jmvi

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Since the earliest times of history, smallpox left deep traces in the memory of humanity with the great epidemics and destruction (deaths) it caused. Variola virus, which is the causative agent of smallpox, and some other viruses in the same family have been a part of many extraordinary changes in the field of science and medicine. Poxviruses have a privileged position in the scientific world due to the fact that the first examples of immunization (variolation) in ancient civilizations, the first safe vaccines developed for use in humans (cowpox virus, vaccinia virus), first infection model of viral pathogenesis (ectromelia virus), and the first human infection eradicated globally (smallpox). Smallpox virus (variola major) is classified as a biological warfare agent (category A), causing high-mortality infections and epidemics, and remains a worldwide concern. These viruses are also unique with their various biological features. Poxviruses, one of the largest viruses associated with human infections, are widely used as a convenient model in vaccine development and vector-based treatment studies, with large number of protein coding, ability to replicate primarily in the cell cytoplasm (unlike other DNA viruses), and their other advantageous features. More than 10 species of poxviruses cause infections in humans, and except for a few species that are only isolated from humans, these viruses are generally associated with zoonotic infections. Monkeypox virus (MPXV), one of these species, was regarded far from being a threat to humanity in the past due to possible cross-immunity caused by smallpox vaccine. However, local monkeypox cases reported in Central and West Africa in the early 1970s were replaced by small-scale outbreaks in the United States and Sudan in the 2000s, and in the following periods, this virus is considered to be the most important species of the Poxviridae family after the eradication of smallpox virus due to the increasing number of case reports in African countries, especially in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Nigeria. In addition to epidemiological changes that increase the risk of contact with animal reservoirs, the growing proportion of the unvaccinated population and the new and unexpected transmission pattern indicate that human monkeypox infections may continue to intensify. In recent days, while many countries and health authorities have been re-evaluating the existing and potential risks related to monkeypox virus and smallpox virus, some countries have started to take various measures against the possibility of epidemic and biosecurity risks. The main purpose of this article is to consider the general biological characteristics of poxvirus strains, to examine their host distribution, and to provide an overview of the risks attributed to poxvirus strains associated with human infections.

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Can Facial Masking Slow Down the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 by a Variolation-like Effect?

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Rapid Spreading of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Risk Factors: Epidemiological, Immunological and Virological Aspects

Rapid Spreading of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Risk Factors: Epidemiological, Immunological and Virological Aspects

An Overview of Monkeypox Virus and Other Medically Important Poxviruses

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