Can European Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) Scale Be a Good Candidate for Nano-Bioceramics Production?

Abstract

Bioceramics are commonly used biomaterials for orthopedic and dental applications. Among these bioceramics, hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) are of interest and are used in various biomedical applications. Production of bioceramics from natural materials such as bovine and sheep bones with calcination method, is possible. Lately, fish scales become an alternative biological source for bioceramic production. The present study proposes an approach to obtain HA bone-scaffolds from European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) scales aiming to provide nano-biomaterials via calcination method. Untreated fish scales are obtained and are carefully cleaned from their meat and grease. They are washed with alkaline water several times and calcinated at 850°C for 4 hours. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies are performed. Various calcium phosphate species (HA, TCP) are identified in the study. SEM images prove the presence of the nano-scale structures. This study indicates calcination as a simple way of nano-scale bioceramic production for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Being produced from wastes of a sustainable and cheap source, these bioceramics can be good candidates for future clinical applications.

Bioactivity of Hydroxyapatite Produced from Sea Snail <i>Turritella Terebra</i>

“…Furthermore their applications in biomarkers, scaffold and controlled drug delivery are special interest due to its biocompability, bioactivity and osteoconductivity and high loading capacity. Therefore hydroxyapatite is crucial in fields of implantology, stomatology, and regenerative medicine Last decades, biological resources that deposit calcium such as eggshells, clam shells, sea shells (such as european sea bass [1], tiger cowrie [2]), bovine bone, corals etc. have been utilized to produce calcium phosphate apatites in use of bone graft with the addition of phosphorus source.…”

Hydroxyapatite Synthesis from Fish Bones: Atlantic Salmon (Salmon Salar)

“…One of the major phases obtained from this fish corresponds to calcium deficient HA: Ca0HPO4(PO4)5OH (Ca/P= 1.5), JCPDS card number 46-0905. Here the Ca/P ratio was 1.5 and referred to tricalcium phosphate phase (TCP) [5]. In another study HA was prepared from bone materials of three different Brazilian river fishes and calcified at 900…”