Can Escaping from Poor Neighborhoods Increase Employment and Earnings?

Cove, Elizabeth; Turner, Margery Austin; Briggs, Xavier de Souza; Duarte, Cynthia Romariz

doi:10.1037/e716772011-001

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…First, despite the goal of moving people closer to jobs, many public housing projects are centrally located near sources of employment and access to public transportation. 8,62 According to Bennett,63 these characteristics are what made many HOPE VI sites ripe for development and investment in the first place. Second, evidence suggests that interactions between relocated HOPE VI residents and new neighbors are infrequent; thus, the anticipated gains in "bridging social capital" do not seem to be realized.…”

Section: Does Relocation Lead To Improved Economic Outcomes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Weathering” HOPE VI: The Importance of Evaluating the Population Health Impact of Public Housing Demolition and Displacement

Keene

Geronimus

2011

J Urban Health

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HOPE VI has funded the demolition of public housing developments across the United States and created in their place mixed-income communities that are often inaccessible to the majority of former tenants. This recent uprooting of low-income, urban, and predominantly African American communities raises concern about the health impacts of the HOPE VI program for a population that already shoulders an enormous burden of excess morbidity and mortality. In this paper, we rely on existing literature about HOPE VI relocation to evaluate the program from the perspective of weathering-a biosocial process hypothesized by Geronimus to underlie early health deterioration and excess mortality observed among African Americans. Relying on the weathering framework, we consider the effects of HOPE VI relocation on the material context of urban poverty, autonomous institutions that are health protective, and on the broader discourse surrounding urban poverty. We conclude that relocated HOPE VI residents have experienced few improvements to the living conditions and economic realities that are likely sources of stress and illness among this population. Additionally, we find that relocated residents must contend with these material realities, without the health-protective, community-based social resources that they often rely on in public housing. Finally, we conclude that by disregarding the significance of health-protective autonomous institutions and by obscuring the structural context that gave rise to racially segregated public housing projects, the discourse surrounding HOPE VI is likely to reinforce health-demoting stereotypes of low-income urban African American communities. Given the potential for urban and housing policies to negatively affect the health of an already vulnerable population, we argue that a health-equity perspective is a critical component of future policy conversations.

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Section: Does Relocation Lead To Improved Economic Outcomes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Weathering” HOPE VI: The Importance of Evaluating the Population Health Impact of Public Housing Demolition and Displacement

Keene

Geronimus

2011

J Urban Health

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“…Briggs (1998), investigating the impacts of relocation to scattered‐site housing in Yonkers, New York, found little interaction between newcomers and their neighbors (cf. Hogan, 1996), and recent findings on social interaction between participants in the Moving to Opportunity program similarly suggest little evidence that movers develop anything more than limited relations with their new neighbors and little evidence that such relationships are leveraged for the social capital they may provide (Cove, Turner, Briggs, & Duarte, 2008).…”

Section: Existing Empirical Evidence On Social Interaction In Mixed‐imentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Interaction in Mixed-Income Developments: Relational Expectations and Emerging Reality

Chaskin

Joseph

2011

Journal of Urban Affairs

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In many cities, public housing has come to exemplify concentrated urban poverty and the social problems associated with it. One major policy response to addressing these problems is the demolition and redevelopment of public housing complexes as mixed-income communities. Several theoretical propositions that lie behind this policy are based on assumptions about the ways in which living among higher-income residents can lead to relationships and interactions that may benefit poor people. Based on in-depth qualitative research in two mixed-income developments in Chicago, this paper explores the dynamics of social interaction in an effort to better understand the processes and factors that influence such interaction on the ground, the differential experience of residents from different backgrounds, and the factors that contribute to their decision-making about and interpretation of social relations with their neighbors. This analysis helps to better interpret the findings of earlier studies and craft more informed expectations about such interactions and their likely effects.Overthepasttwodecades,catalyzedmostnotablybythepublicationofWilliamJuliusWilson's seminal 1987 book The Truly Disadvantaged, there has been renewed scholarly interest in urban poverty and, particularly, the problems associated with concentrated urban poverty-how living in high-poverty areas multiplies the deleterious effects of being poor-as well as appropriate policy responses to address these problems. The case of public housing is emblematic. Although initially established to provide reasonable, transitional housing to poor individuals and families (Bowly, 1978), by the 1980s public housing in many cities came to exemplify concentrated urban poverty and the social problems associated with it-high levels of crime and violence, deteriorating housing and physical infrastructure, weak institutions, poor services, social isolation, racial segregation, joblessness, and welfare "dependency" among them.The recognition of these problems led, among other responses, to two major policy directions in the United States. The first is dispersal policies, which range from the development of scatteredsite public housing buildings to the provision of housing vouchers to targeted efforts to relocate

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“…Finally, lack of economic opportunity for minorities who live in areas of concentrated poverty is among the many costs of urban sprawl and exclusionary suburban zoning (see Coulton et al, 1999;Ihlanfeldt, 1994;Kingsley et al, 2012;Lichter et al 2012;Massey & Denton, 1993). 34 These results show us that programs that help low-income families purchase cars, such as Baltimore's Metropolitan Baltimore Quadel, need to be expanded (see also Cove et al, 2008;Pendall et al, 2014;Quigley, 2011;Rosenbaum & DeLuca, 2000). 35 Access to jobs that pay a living wage and, of course, childcare are the keys to a welfare system that does not penalize children and enables economic self-sufficiency in its fullest sense.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addicted to Government? The Impact of Housing Assistance on Program Participation of Welfare Recipients

Haley¹,

Dajani

2015

Poverty & Public Policy

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This research addresses the question of whether housing assistance provided a perverse incentive for welfare recipients to remain on the rolls following the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996. Merging the 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) with HUD's administrative records provides a unique opportunity to test whether recipients of housing assistance were more likely to stay on the welfare program four years after the enactment of PRWORA. This dataset contains a nationally representative sample of welfare recipients. Quarterly data, including sources of income, were obtained from these families of welfare recipients for four years. Results indicate that in an era of plunging welfare rolls, receipt of housing assistance did not account for those who remained on Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). These data show that housing assistance was not a perverse incentive to remain on welfare in the aftermath of the welfare reform of 1996. Instead, those who failed to exit the rolls four years after TANF was enacted had high obligations to children, lacked prior participation in the labor force, and lacked access to an automobile.

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Can Escaping from Poor Neighborhoods Increase Employment and Earnings?

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

“Weathering” HOPE VI: The Importance of Evaluating the Population Health Impact of Public Housing Demolition and Displacement

“Weathering” HOPE VI: The Importance of Evaluating the Population Health Impact of Public Housing Demolition and Displacement

Social Interaction in Mixed-Income Developments: Relational Expectations and Emerging Reality

Addicted to Government? The Impact of Housing Assistance on Program Participation of Welfare Recipients

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