“…Although current studies are underway, the CTAS instrument has not been validated when used by paramedics in the prehospital environment (Manos, Petrie, Beveridge, Walter & Ducharme, 2002;Lee, Oh, Peck, Lee, Park, Kim & Youn, 2011;Worster, Gilboy, Fernandes, Eitel, Eva, Geisler, & Tanabe, 2004;Rankin, Then & Atack, 2011;Christ et al, 2010). Reliability.…”