Can dissonance engineering improve risk analysis of human–machine systems?

Vanderhaegen, Frédéric; Carsten, Oliver

doi:10.1007/s10111-017-0405-7

Cited by 48 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…More research then appears to be needed to examine the validity of eye-based SA in complex supervisory tasks. In particular, it needs to be examined how eye-based SA can be employed in teams, especially in situations where different human actors and cognitive artifacts have conflicting information or intentions, and where task knowledge needs to be communicated between those agents (e.g., Salmon et al 2008;Stanton et al 2017;Vanderhaegen and Carsten 2017).…”

Section: Hardware and Software Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Situation awareness based on eye movements in relation to the task environment

et al. 2018

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The topic of situation awareness has received continuing interest over the last decades. Freeze-probe methods, such as the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT), are commonly employed for measuring situation awareness. The aim of this paper was to review validity issues of the SAGAT and examine whether eye movements are a promising alternative for measuring situation awareness. First, we outlined six problems of freeze-probe methods, such as the fact that freeze-probe methods rely on what the operator has been able to remember and then explicitly recall. We propose an operationalization of situation awareness based on the eye movements of the person in relation to their task environment to circumvent shortfalls of memory mediation and task interruption. Next, we analyzed experimental data in which participants (N = 86) were tasked to observe a display of six dials for about 10 min, and press the space bar if a dial pointer crossed a threshold value. Every 90 s, the screen was blanked and participants had to report the state of the dials on a paper sheet. We assessed correlations of participants' task performance (% of threshold crossing detected) with visual sampling scores (% of dials glanced at during threshold crossings) and freeze-probe scores. Results showed that the visual-sampling score correlated with task performance at the threshold-crossing level (r = 0.31) and at the individual level (r = 0.78). Freeze-probe scores were low and showed weak associations with task performance. We conclude that the outlined limitations of the SAGAT impede measurement of situation awareness, which can be computed more effectively from eye movement measurements in relation to the state of the task environment. The present findings have practical value, as advances in eye-tracking cameras and ubiquitous computing lessen the need for interruptive tests such as SAGAT. Eye-based situation awareness is a predictor of performance, with the advantage that it is applicable through real-time feedback technologies.

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Section: Hardware and Software Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Situation awareness based on eye movements in relation to the task environment

et al. 2018

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“…This smart information and monitoring system could also help to discover dissonances (i.e., incoherencies or conflicts between knowledge, e.g., between knowledge of the designer and knowledge of the operator). Moreover, aside from discovering these dissonances, controlling them is equally important for the development of knowledge from situations that may occur (Vanderhaegen and Carsten 2017). Difficulties with components and subassemblies on both the physical or cognitive level could also be discovered, and again serve as input for the designers to optimise their designs.…”

Section: Situating Dfam In An Industry 40 Manual Assembly Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design for assembly meaning: a framework for designers to design products that support operator cognition during the assembly process

et al. 2019

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Designing assembly instructions is mostly considered to be a non-designer task. Hence, in many companies, it is performed by production planners or instructional designers. However, analysing product components and looking for clues on how these components can be fitted together into a subassembly or final product is a fundamental part of assembly. Product designers play an important role in the way these components are perceived by the operator. This paper discusses the need and importance of a new approach to product design focused on how the assembly design can promote meaning to the operator, supporting operator cognition. The aim of this approach is to guide assembly operators more intuitively through their increasingly complex tasks. Doing so will allow them to avoid some of the major drawbacks that are present when using procedural instructions. Hence, this approach has the potential to decrease cognitive load and frustration, and increase mental wellbeing, work motivation and efficiency. As a first step towards this new approach, a conceptual framework is constructed, and insights are formulated after reviewing various design theories and concepts of design for meaning on their potential in a context of manual assembly.

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“…In risk assessment, the classical approach consists in putting these two parameters together to calculate a criticality value: criticality = severity * the likelihood. More recent approaches have considered it to be related to different types of cognitive dissonances (Vanderhaegen and Carsten 2017). In a totally different meaning, a critical situation refers to situations where critical incidents occur in the context of the Critical Incidents Technique (Flanagan 1954).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%