2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110534
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Can bilirubin nanomedicine become a hope for the management of COVID-19?

Abstract: Bilirubin has been proven to possess significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral activities. Recently, it has been postulated as a metabolic hormone. Further, moderately higher bilirubin levels are positively associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity. However, due to poor solubility the therapeutic delivery of bilirubin remains a challenge. Nanotechnology offers unique advantages which may be exploited for improved delivery of bilirubin to the… Show more

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Cited by 30 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…In conclusion, we agree that the study of Al-Kuraishy et al is particularly relevant regarding the antioxidant role of hyperbilirubinemia in coronavirus disease patients, as already reported by Liu et al (6). Its beneficial role has been additionally highlighted by Khurana et al, who postulated the use of intravenous administration or inhalational delivery of bilirubin nanomedicine to combat systemic dysfunctions associated with COVID-19 (7). However, we believe that these evidences might involve CNS-2 patients, who are rarer than GS patients; in consequence, it is risky to consider this case as a GS patient based on bilirubin levels, which are apparently not compatible with a GS diagnosis.…”
supporting
confidence: 82%
“…In conclusion, we agree that the study of Al-Kuraishy et al is particularly relevant regarding the antioxidant role of hyperbilirubinemia in coronavirus disease patients, as already reported by Liu et al (6). Its beneficial role has been additionally highlighted by Khurana et al, who postulated the use of intravenous administration or inhalational delivery of bilirubin nanomedicine to combat systemic dysfunctions associated with COVID-19 (7). However, we believe that these evidences might involve CNS-2 patients, who are rarer than GS patients; in consequence, it is risky to consider this case as a GS patient based on bilirubin levels, which are apparently not compatible with a GS diagnosis.…”
supporting
confidence: 82%
“…Carbon, gold, silver, lipid, nanoceria, bilirubin, and cerium oxide nanoparticles are widely used as theranostic agents. [50][51][52][53][54][55] AuNP and silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are excellent theranostic agents, with a high ratio of area to the volume that allows the functionalization of these particles with various biomolecules. 35,56 Moreover, the use of AuNP and enhancement of signal by Ag is reported to improve the sensitivity.…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Though, the Sputnik-V and BNT162b2 vaccines have been granted rapid clinical approvals, their safety remains unclear and the recent complications including the disputed cases of Bell's palsy with BNT162b2, indicate the enormity of risk involved in approving vaccines in a haste [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The need of present time is to develop and design potent antiviral agents that may aid in fighting and overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].
Figure 1 The life cycle of SARS CoV 2 inside the host.
…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%