Can autism, language and coordination disorders be differentiated based on ability profiles?

Wisdom, Sarah N.; Dyck, Murray James; Piek, Jan P.; Hay, David; Hallmayer, Joachim

doi:10.1007/s00787-006-0586-8

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Children with a diagnosis of autism or considered at risk of developing autism had the lowest scores and the lowest increase in M-ABC score. The poor prognosis for the group with or at risk of autism is in agreement with the results reported by Wisdom et al 24 who also reported consistency of poor motor performance in children with autism.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Stability of motor problems in young children with or at risk of autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, and or developmental coordination disorder

Waelvelde

Oostra

Dewitte

et al. 2010

Develop Med Child Neuro

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AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of motor problems in a clinically referred sample of children with, or at risk of, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and ⁄ or developmental coordination disorder (DCD).METHOD Participants were 49 children (39 males, 10 females; mean age 5y 6mo, SD 10mo) with various developmental problems, a Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) score on or below the 15th centile, and an IQ of 70 or more. Sixteen children were at risk of developing ADHD, 15 children had a diagnosis of, or were at risk of developing ASD, and 18 children had neither diagnosis. Children were reassessed 2 to 3 years later.RESULTS At follow-up (mean age 7y 11mo; SD 1y), the mean M-ABC score was significantly increased, and in 22 children was no longer below the 15th centile. A general linear model to compare the difference in M-ABC scores in the three groups of children demonstrated a significant difference between groups (p=0.013), with the age at the initial assessment as a significant covariate (p=0.052). The group of children with or at risk of ASD showed less improvement in motor performance.INTERPRETATION Motor problems among preschool age children are not always stable, but appear to be so in most children with ASDs.A number of children exhibit poor motor performance in the first 6 years of life. In some cases the motor problems can be explained by an apparent central nervous system disorder, and these problems are unlikely to resolve. However, some children without a clear neurological disorder present with poor motor abilities before 7 years of age. Some of these children could be considered to have developmental coordination disorder (DCD), according to DSM-IV-TR 1 criteria. However, it appears from the literature that the large majority of children with DCD are identified after starting school.2 In some cases, poor motor performance at preschool age is one of the first clear signs of another (comorbid) developmental disorder with more prominent behavioural features, such as autism spectrum disorders 3 (ASDs), or attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder 4 (ADHD). Although motor disorders can occur in isolation, many studies have described their frequent co-occurrence with ADHD 5,6 and ASD. 7,8 The purpose of this study was therefore, to determine the stability of poor motor performance among younger children.The most commonly used screening instruments for young children evaluate basic motor skills, referenced against age norms and based on early normative models of motor development. 9 But is motor development really a linear process with a small range of variability? Darrah et al. 10 investigated the stability of outcome on serial motor assessment and found a large variability of scores within individual infants and between infants aged 0 to 18 months. They concluded that motor development in very young children is non-linear, rather than occurring at a constant rate. They suggested that screening of infants should includ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Stability of motor problems in young children with or at risk of autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, and or developmental coordination disorder

Waelvelde

Oostra

Dewitte

et al. 2010

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…ASD studies without a typically developing control group were not analyzed further. Nine studies did not report typically developing control groups (Ghaziuddin and Butler 1998;Green et al 2002;Manjiviona and Prior 1995;Martos Perez and Fortea Sevilla 1993;Miyahara et al 1997;Page and Boucher 1998;Provost et al 2007a;Rogers et al 1996;Wisdom et al 2007). Forty-five studies included a typically developing control comparison group.…”

Section: Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 91%

Motor Coordination in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Synthesis and Meta-Analysis

Fournier

Hass

Naik

et al. 2010

J Autism Dev Disord

972

667

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Are motor coordination deficits an underlying cardinal feature of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)? Database searches identified 83 ASD studies focused on motor coordination, arm movements, gait, or postural stability deficits. Data extraction involved between-group comparisons for ASD and typically developing controls (N = 51). Rigorous meta-analysis techniques including random effects models, forest and funnel plots, I (2), publication bias, fail-safe analysis, and moderator variable analyses determined a significant standardized mean difference effect equal to 1.20 (SE = 0.144; p <0.0001; Z = 10.49). This large effect indicated substantial motor coordination deficits in the ASD groups across a wide range of behaviors. The current overall findings portray motor coordination deficits as pervasive across diagnoses, thus, a cardinal feature of ASD.

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“…Although the focus of our research was on discrepancies between language or coordination and IQ, children with a language or coordination disorder also have achievement deficits in other domains, including social cognition (Larson and McKinley 1995, Cummins et al 2005, Wisdom et al 2007 and executive functioning (Dewey et al 2002, Archibald and Gathercole 2006, Wisdom et al 2007. For this reason, research into the achievement profiles of children with specific developmental disorders needs to assess a broad range of ability domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to distinguish normal from disordered children with poor language or motor skills

Dyck

Piek

2010

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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Can autism, language and coordination disorders be differentiated based on ability profiles?

Cited by 33 publications

References 65 publications

Stability of motor problems in young children with or at risk of autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, and or developmental coordination disorder

Stability of motor problems in young children with or at risk of autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, and or developmental coordination disorder

Motor Coordination in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Synthesis and Meta-Analysis

How to distinguish normal from disordered children with poor language or motor skills

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