CAMS-TEMPO: global and European emission temporal profile maps for atmospheric chemistry modelling

Guevara, Marc; Jorba, Oriol; Tena, Carles; Gon, Hugo Denier van der; Kuenen, Jeroen; Elguindi-Solmon, Nellie; Darras, Sabine; Granier, Claire; García‐Pando, Carlos Pérez

doi:10.5194/essd-2020-175

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The chronology of the lockdowns is illustrated in Fig. 1, which shows stringency index trends computed by the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (Ox-CGRT) for selected countries (Hale et al, 2020). The stringency index reports how the response of governments varied over several indicators (e.g.…”

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Time-resolved emission reductions for atmospheric chemistry modelling in Europe during the COVID-19 lockdowns

et al. 2021

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Abstract. We quantify the reductions in primary emissions due to the COVID-19 lockdowns in Europe. Our estimates are provided in the form of a dataset of reduction factors varying per country and day that will allow the modelling and identification of the associated impacts upon air quality. The country- and daily-resolved reduction factors are provided for each of the following source categories: energy industry (power plants), manufacturing industry, road traffic and aviation (landing and take-off cycle). We computed the reduction factors based on open-access and near-real-time measured activity data from a wide range of information sources. We also trained a machine learning model with meteorological data to derive weather-normalized electricity consumption reductions. The time period covered is from 21 February, when the first European localized lockdown was implemented in the region of Lombardy (Italy), until 26 April 2020. This period includes 5 weeks (23 March until 26 April) with the most severe and relatively unchanged restrictions upon mobility and socio-economic activities across Europe. The computed reduction factors were combined with the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service's European emission inventory using adjusted temporal emission profiles in order to derive time-resolved emission reductions per country and pollutant sector. During the most severe lockdown period, we estimate the average emission reductions to be −33 % for NOx, −8 % for non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), −7 % for SOx and −7 % for PM2.5 at the EU-30 level (EU-28 plus Norway and Switzerland). For all pollutants more than 85 % of the total reduction is attributable to road transport, except SOx. The reductions reached −50 % (NOx), −14 % (NMVOCs), −12 % (SOx) and −15 % (PM2.5) in countries where the lockdown restrictions were more severe such as Italy, France or Spain. To show the potential for air quality modelling, we simulated and evaluated NO2 concentration decreases in rural and urban background regions across Europe (Italy, Spain, France, Germany, United-Kingdom and Sweden). We found the lockdown measures to be responsible for NO2 reductions of up to −58 % at urban background locations (Madrid, Spain) and −44 % at rural background areas (France), with an average contribution of the traffic sector to total reductions of 86 % and 93 %, respectively. A clear improvement of the modelled results was found when considering the emission reduction factors, especially in Madrid, Paris and London where the bias is reduced by more than 90 %. Future updates will include the extension of the COVID-19 lockdown period covered, the addition of other pollutant sectors potentially affected by the restrictions (commercial and residential combustion and shipping) and the evaluation of other air quality pollutants such as O3 and PM2.5. All the emission reduction factors are provided in the Supplement.

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Time-resolved emission reductions for atmospheric chemistry modelling in Europe during the COVID-19 lockdowns

et al. 2021

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“…A compilation of temporal profiles for disaggregating annual into hourly data is published by Denier van der Gon (2011) and in Matthias et al (2018). New sets of global time profiles for numerous emission sectors have recently been provided by Crippa et al (2020) and Guevara et al (2020a). Crippa et al provide high resolution temporal profiles for all parts of the world including Europe, Guevara et al developed temporal profiles as part of the…”

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Advances in Air Quality Research – Current and Emerging Challenges

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Moussiopoulos

Baklanov

et al. 2021

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Abstract. This review provides a community’s perspective on air quality research focussing mainly on developments over the past decade. The article provides perspectives on current and future challenges as well as research needs for selected key topics. While this paper is not an exhaustive review of all research areas in the field of air quality, we have selected key topics that we feel are important from air quality research and policy perspectives. After providing a short historical overview, this review focuses on improvements in characterising sources and emissions of air pollution, new air quality observations and instrumentation, advances in air quality prediction and forecasting, understanding interactions of air quality with meteorology and climate, exposure and health assessment, and air quality management and policy. In conducting the review, specific objectives were (i) to address current developments that push the boundaries of air quality research forward, (ii) to highlight the emerging prominent gaps of knowledge in air quality research and (iii) and to make recommendations to guide the direction for future research within the wider community. This review also identifies areas of particular importance for air quality policy. The original concept of this review was borne at the International Conference on Air Quality 2020 (held online due to the COVID 19 restrictions during 18–26 May 2020), but the article incorporates a wider landscape of research literature within the field of air quality science. On air pollution emissions the review highlights, in particular, the need to reduce uncertainties in emissions from diffuse sources, particulate matter chemical components, shipping emissions and the importance of considering both indoor and outdoor sources. There is a growing need to have integrated air pollution and related observations from both ground based and remote sensing instruments, including especially those on satellites. The research should also capitalize on the growing area of lower cost sensors, while ensuring a quality of the measurements which are regulated by guidelines. Connecting various physical scales in air quality modelling is still a continual issue, with cities being affected by air pollution gradients at local scales and by long range transport. At the same time, one should allow for the impacts from climate change on a longer timescale. Earth system modelling offers considerable potential by providing a consistent framework for treating scales and processes, especially where there are significant feedbacks, such as those related to aerosols, chemistry and meteorology. Assessment of exposure to air pollution should consider both the impacts of indoor and outdoor emissions, as well as apply more sophisticated, dynamic modelling approaches. With particulate matter being one of the most important pollutants for health, research is indicating the urgent need to understand, in particular, the role of particle number and chemical components in terms of health impact, which in turn requires improved emission inventories and models for predicting high resolution distributions of these metrics over cities. The review also examines, how air pollution management needs to adapt to the above-mentioned new challenges and briefly considers the implications from the COVID-19 pandemic for air quality. Finally, we provide recommendations for air quality research and support for policy.

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“…No chlorine chemistry is included in the model. To account for realistic emissions, the CAMS-GLOB-ANT v4.2 emission inventory data is used for 125 model simulations (Granier et al, 2019;Guevara et al, 2020).…”

CAMS-TEMPO: global and European emission temporal profile maps for atmospheric chemistry modelling

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Time-resolved emission reductions for atmospheric chemistry modelling in Europe during the COVID-19 lockdowns

Time-resolved emission reductions for atmospheric chemistry modelling in Europe during the COVID-19 lockdowns

Advances in Air Quality Research – Current and Emerging Challenges

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