Caminhos da liberdade no jovem Marx: da emancipação política à emancipação social

Abstract

This thesis undertakes an analysis of the genesis of Marx's emancipatory project to develop the links between the republican Marx and the communist and indicate that, quite different from his image prevalent in political and journalistic discourses that extol the liberal democracy after the collapse of the real socialism, his young's texts explicit the image of an unconditional lover of freedom. We indicated that the communism of Marx appears from the pursue the subsumption of abstract democracy to a real democracy, which also must be a subsumption of abstract freedom for real freedom. His project of social revolution derives from the refusal of the need of any vertical imposition of a public reason for the attainment of freedom. For Marx from 1837 to1842 the realization of freedom goes through a deconstruction of the alienation of reason through political emancipation, subsequently, after, from 1843 to 1845, he defends the deconstruction of the alienation of reason through social emancipation. However, this is not to say that he abandons the combat of the alienation of public reason, but that he recognize that the overcoming of the alienated reason is done by two sides of the same movement: the praxis. We argue that human emancipation as social emancipation in Marx suggests the denial of reducing men to mere being around the economy itself, around the material productive activity itself, or merely be around the reason itself, around the subjective productive activity itself.In it, the overcoming of private property and labor as alienated extremes should accomplish the overcoming of objective activity and subjective activity as alienated extremes, so must also overcome religious and political alienation. The human emancipation is not the unilateral denial of private property, but the development of a way of life not closed in limits of the categories (policy itself, the philosophy itself and political economy itself), a way of life in which the transformation of the material translates to everyone in the production of human life as a life rich in meanings.