Camera Assisted Received Signal Strength Ratio Algorithm for Indoor Visible Light Positioning

Bai, Lin; Yang, Yang; Guo, Caili; Feng, Chunyan; Xu, Xiaolong

doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2935713

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Since OCC is one of OWC systems that use cameras to receive data rather than photodetectors [15] and, recently, the use of advanced cameras in smart devices such as mobile phones has been increasing dramatically, the paths for OCC to address several challenges in different applications is opened [16]. The most common applications are vehicle-toeverything (V2X) communications [17], [18], positioning of smartphones and mobile robots (MRs) [19], [20], localized advertising, digital signage, and augmented reality (AR) [21]. While OCC can be considered as one of the good solutions for long-distance LOS communication links due to several characteristics such as low interference, high SNR, high security, and high stability with respect to non-fixed communication link distances, the data rate is very limited due to the fact that the sampling rate of commercially widely available cameras is not high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid RF/VLC Systems: A Comprehensive Survey on Network Topologies, Performance Analyses, Applications, and Future Directions

et al. 2021

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Wireless communications refer to data transmissions in unguided propagation media through the use of wireless carriers such as radio frequency (RF) and visible light (VL) waves. The rising demand for high data rates, especially, in indoor scenarios, overloads conventional RF technologies. Therefore, technologies such as millimeter waves (mmWave) and cognitive radios have been adopted as possible solutions to overcome the spectrum scarcity and capacity limitations of the conventional RF systems. In parallel, visible light communication (VLC) has been proposed as an alternative solution, where a light source is used for both illumination and data transmission. In comparison to RF links, VLC links present a very high bandwidth that allows much higher data rates. VLC exhibits also immunity to interference from electromagnetic sources, has unlicensed channels, is a very low power consumption system, and has no health hazard. VLC is appealing for a wide range of applications including reliable communications with low latency such as vehicle safety communication. Despite the major advantages of VLC technology and a variety of its applications, its use has been hampered by its cons such as its dependence on a line of sight connectivity. Recently, hybrid RF/VLC systems were proposed to take advantage of the high capacity of VLC links and better connectivity of RF links. Thus, hybrid RF/VLC systems are envisioned as a key enabler to improve the user rates and mobility on the one hand and to optimize the capacity, interference and power consumption of the overall network on the other hand. This paper seeks to provide a detailed survey of hybrid RF/VLC systems. This paper represents an overview of the current developments in the hybrid RF/VLC systems, their benefits and limitations for both newcomers and expert researchers. INDEX TERMS Radio frequency (RF), visible light communication (VLC), hybrid RF/VLC, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), hybrid networks, hybrid RF/VLC environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid RF/VLC Systems: A Comprehensive Survey on Network Topologies, Performance Analyses, Applications, and Future Directions

et al. 2021

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“…Typical VLP algorithms include proximity [9], fingerprinting [10], time of arrival (TOA) [11], angle of arrival (AOA) [12], received signal strength (RSS) [13]- [16] and image sensing [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proximity and fingerprinting cannot estimate the receiver pose even though only a single luminaire is required. Additionally, the accuracy of proximity is insufficient [13] while fingerprinting requires at least three luminaires to reduce the effect of ambiguity issues [18]. Among these VLP algorithms, RSS algorithms are most widely-used due to their high accuracy and low cost [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the accuracy of proximity is insufficient [13] while fingerprinting requires at least three luminaires to reduce the effect of ambiguity issues [18]. Among these VLP algorithms, RSS algorithms are most widely-used due to their high accuracy and low cost [13]. However, RSS algorithms require multiple luminaires for localization, like image sensing, TOA and AOA algorithms [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Visible Light Communication Assisted Perspective-Four-Line Algorithm for Indoor Localization

Bai

2020

Preprint

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In this paper, we propose a novel visible light communication (VLC) assisted Perspective-four-Line algorithm (V-P4L) for practical indoor localization. The basic idea of V-P4L is to joint VLC and computer vision to achieve high accuracy regardless of LED height differences. In particular, we first exploit the space-domain information to estimate the orientation and coordinate of a single rectangular LED luminaire in the camera coordinate system based on the plane and solid geometry. Then, based on the time-domain information transmitted by VLC and the estimated luminaire information, V-P4L can estimate the position and pose of the camera by the single-view geometry theory and the linear least square (LLS) method. To further mitigate the effect of height differences among LEDs on localization accuracy, we then propose a correction algorithm of V-P4L based on the LLS method and a simple optimization method. Due to the combination of time-and space-domain information, V-P4L only requires a single luminaire for localization without limitation on the correspondences between the features and their projections. Simulation results show that for V-P4L the position error is always less than 15 cm and the orientation error is always less than 3 • using popular indoor luminaires.

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“…Optical camera communication (OCC) is a sub-system of OWC wherein a camera is used to receive luminous LED data [3]. The unprecedented growth of camera-mounted smart devices is observed in recent times, which opens up significant possibilities for OCC to address new challenges in different areas, such as positioning of mobile robots (MRs) and smartphones [4], [5], localized advertising, digital signage, augmented reality (AR) [2], and vehicle-to-everything communications [6], [7] . OCC requires little modification of existing hardware and is implemented by adding an embedded camera to receive optical signals [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum LED coverage utilization in OCC for effective communication with mobile robot

et al. 2020

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Optical camera communication (OCC) is a promising technology for camera-mounted mobile robots (MRs), where it can use its camera to communicate with light-emitting diode (LED) infrastructures. Due to the limited angle of view of current commercial cameras used in MRs, the cameras cannot detect LED everywhere inside an area illuminated by an LED; hence, much of the illumination surface remains unutilized. Herein, we propose an automatic camera inflection algorithm to successfully detect LED anywhere inside an LED cell (the total coverage area illuminated by LED). The inflection mechanism is a supervised learning approach. The technique utilizes the coordinate information (i.e., X and Y coordinates) of an LED cell, which is further employed to track the position of the LED. The coordinate data is automatically updated when the MR travels from one position to another. Furthermore, we perform simulations that include a discussion on tilt angle variation with increasing distance traveled by the MR and a performance analysis that demonstrates the importance and feasibility of the developed algorithm. Finally, a testbed prototype for OCC is implemented to demonstrate the proof of angle measurement theory and bit-error-rate performance of the proposed system.

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Camera Assisted Received Signal Strength Ratio Algorithm for Indoor Visible Light Positioning

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Hybrid RF/VLC Systems: A Comprehensive Survey on Network Topologies, Performance Analyses, Applications, and Future Directions

Hybrid RF/VLC Systems: A Comprehensive Survey on Network Topologies, Performance Analyses, Applications, and Future Directions

Novel Visible Light Communication Assisted Perspective-Four-Line Algorithm for Indoor Localization

Optimum LED coverage utilization in OCC for effective communication with mobile robot

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