Camellia sinensis Ameliorates the Efficacy of Last Line Antibiotics Against Carbapenem Resistant Escherichia coli

Abstract

Aquo-ethanolic extract of Camellia sinensis (PTRC-31911-A), standardized using Fourier transform infrared analysis, was found to have seven common functional groups in comparison with pre-identified marker compound 'quercetin'. Phyto-chemical quantitation analysis revealed the presence of 10.65 µg/mg of flavonoids. The bioactivity fingerprint profile of PTRC-31911-A includes IC50 (Hydroxyl radical site specific scavenging) = 11.36 ± 0.5 µg/mL, IC80 (Hydroxyl radical non-site specific scavenging) = 26.44 ± 0.5 µg/mL and IC50 (Superoxide ion scavenging) = 10.141 ± 0.5 µg/mL. The drug combination analysis of PTRC-31911-A with five third-line antibiotics was carried out against carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli. The analysis of combination of PTRC-31911-A (6.25-1000 µg/mL) and antibiotics (6.25-1000 µg/mL) revealed synergistic behaviour (fractional inhibitory concentration indices < 1) with tigecycline, ertapenem, meropenem, colistin and augmentin. The lead combination of PTRC-31911-A + ertapenem or meropenem showed maximum augmentative potential at 50 and 100 µg/mL, respectively, with nearly five-fold decrease in minimum inhibitory concentrations as compared with respective antibiotics alone. The synergistic effects implied that the antibacterial combinations of PTRC-31911-A and ertapenem, meropenem, colistin, tigecycline or augmentin would be more effective than a single monotherapy with either of the antibacterial agent.

Potential of Herbal Drug and Antibiotic Combination Therapy: A New Approach to Treat Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

“…The FIC was calculated to be less than one. The combination of aqua-ethanolic extract of Camellia sinensis with ertapenem or meropenem showed maximum augmentative potential at 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL, respectively, with 5 fold decrease in MICs [84]. Bioenhancers are combined with antibiotics like tetracycline combined with drug loperamide to enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of drug by increasing its permeability, without its own pharmacological activity [85,86].…”

Quercetin potentiates meropenem activity among pathogenic carbapenem‐resistantPseudomonas aeruginosaandAcinetobacter baumannii

“…Among thousands of natural bioactive compounds with well‐known antimicrobial activity, quercetin, a flavonol, deemed to be very promising. Recent studies demonstrated that quercetin present in extracts of Berberis aristata and Camellia sinensis could augment the potency of third line antibiotics among carbapenem‐resistant Escherichia coli (Thakur et al ; Thakur et al ). Further, it exhibits synergy with amoxicillin and ceftazidime against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes respectively (Siriwong et al ; Siriwong et al ).…”

Specific phenotypic, genomic, and fitness evolutionary trajectories toward antibiotic resistance induced by pesticide co-stressors in Escherichia coli

“…The bacterial strain used in this study was Gram-negative Escherichia coli strain K-12 (ATCC. 10798), which has been widely used as the susceptible and negative control in many relevant studies [23][24][25][26][27] . The growth medium for all evolutionary experiments was Luria-Bertani (LB) broth.…”