Cambios y desigualdad en las familias latinoamericanas

Arriagada, Irma

doi:10.18356/68212e1f-es

Cited by 59 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…The tendency towards a 'feminisation' of household headship in Costa Rica mirrors a pan-Latin American pattern, and for similar reasons, including an increase in single parenthood, falling marriage rates, rising separation and divorce, migration, demographic ageing and increased life expectancy, and mounting levels of female labour force participation (see Arriagada, 2002 ;ECLAC, 2004 ).…”

Section: Reasons For the Growth Of Female-headed Householdsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The ‘Feminisation of Poverty’ in Costa Rica: To What Extent a Conundrum?

Chant

2008

Bull Latin American Res

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Quantitative data from Costa Rica suggest that poverty is 'feminising', especially in respect of female-headed households, who, since the early 1990s, have constituted a progressively greater share of the population classifi ed as poor. This presents something of a conundrum given signifi cant attempts on the part of the state to promote gender equality and to direct public expenditure to low-income women. Some light on this apparent paradox is shed by qualitative fi eldwork undertaken in Guanacaste province where female headship seems to have become a more viable, and sometimes, preferred, option among women on account of its role in enhancing well-being. This is largely on account of social and legal changes that have contributed to making women less inclined to tolerate gender inequalities at the domestic level. The fi ndings underline the importance of embracing gendered subjectivities in analyses of the 'feminisation of poverty' and invite caution about the latter being a unilaterally negative phenomenon.Keywords : Costa Rica , feminisation , gender , households , poverty , women . IntroductionCosta Rica is one of the few countries in the Global South where there is apparently 'hard' evidence to suggest that poverty is 'feminising'. While around one-fi fth of the population has fallen below the offi cial poverty line since the early-to-mid-1990s, poverty seems to have become more concentrated among women over time. In particular, there was a steep rise in the share of poor households headed by women in the 1990s, which has not yet abated. This seems somewhat paradoxical given Costa Rica's high ranking on aggregate gender indicators such as the GDI and GEM, and that in recent years several initiatives have been introduced to promote gender equality, as well as to direct public expenditure to poor women among whom female household heads have featured prominently. Scrutiny of quantitative data suggests that the greater share of female heads in poverty is mainly accounted for by growth in the number and proportion of all households headed by women, and not a greater probability of poverty within the group per se. By the same token, it remains important not only to consider the reasons why female household heads continue to stand a disproportionate risk of poverty, but also to examine why, despite this, their numbers have undergone such a dramatic increase in the last ten to fi fteen years. In order to gain insights into prevailing trends, I draw on primary qualitative fi eldwork gathered through individual interviews and focus group discussions with 73 poor women and men from different age cohorts in Guanacaste province.The fi rst section of the article introduces the concept of the 'feminisation of poverty'. The second provides a brief overview of poverty and gender in Costa Rica. This includes examination of quantitative evidence for a 'feminisation of poverty', together with policy interventions that have attempted to arrest this process. The third section explores views about the 'feminisation of poverty' f...

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Section: Reasons For the Growth Of Female-headed Householdsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The ‘Feminisation of Poverty’ in Costa Rica: To What Extent a Conundrum?

Chant

2008

Bull Latin American Res

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“…Defined culturally as morally superior to fathers, mothers are expected to willingly practice self‐denial and self‐sacrifice in the name of their families (Chant & Craske). Fatherhood, on the other hand, is closely tied to authority, protection, and guidance of the family through participation in the public sphere (Arriagada, 2002). Unlike mothers, fathers are burdened by few moral expectations.…”

Section: Families: Motherhood and Fatherhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Well‐Being in Salvadoran Transnational Families: How Gender Affects Remittance Practices

Abrego

2009

J of Marriage and Family

155

126

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This article examines how migrant parents' gender affects transnational families' economic well‐being. Drawing on 130 in‐depth interviews with Salvadoran immigrants in the United States and adolescent and young adult children of migrants in El Salvador, I demonstrate that the gender of migrant parents centrally affects how well their families are faring. Gender structurally differentiates immigrant parents' experiences through labor market opportunities in the United States. Simultaneously, gendered social expectations inform immigrants' approaches to parental responsibilities and remitting behaviors. Remittances—the monies parents send—directly shape children's economic well‐being in El Salvador. I find that even though immigrant mothers are structurally more disadvantaged than immigrant fathers, mother‐away families are often thriving economically because of mothers' extreme sacrifices.

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“…Entre éstas destacan el aumento de los hogares con jefatura femenina, la reducción del tamaño medio de los hogares por la disminución del número de hijas e hijos y el mayor espaciamiento entre ellos, así como el incremento de los hogares unipersonales y de integrantes de la tercera edad. Se habla incluso de nuevas tipologías, como son los hogares sin núcleo o las parejas sin hijas e hijos (Arriagada, 2002). Estas modificaciones tienen efectos importantes sobre las relaciones que se establecen en el interior de los hogares.…”

Section: El Ahorro En Los Hogaresunclassified

“…Tradicionalmente los censos mexicanos y las encuestas en hogares han considerado que la jefa o jefe del hogar es la persona a quien reconocen como tal los integrantes del mismo. Sin embargo esta definición responde a construcciones socioculturales de roles y estereotipos de género sobre la persona a quien se considera la autoridad en la toma de decisiones o sobre quién es el dueño de los activos (Arriagada, 2002). De esta forma, la asociación de la jefatura del hogar se reduce al esquema patriarcal de la familia, que identifica al hombre como proveedor de ingresos y jefe de familia y a las mujeres como responsables del cuidado y de la crianza de las y los hijos.…”

Section: El Ahorro Y El Género En Los Hogares Mexicanosunclassified

Diferencias de género en los factores asociados al ahorro de los hogares en México

Bolaños

Grossman

Villalobos

2014

EDU

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A diferencia de los trabajos que analizan el ahorro suponiendo un hogar unitario, esta investigación se centra en las diferencias en las decisiones de ahorro de los hogares con jefaturas femenina y masculina en México. Los resultados del modelo Tobit muestran que los factores que afectan al ahorro son distintos entre ellos. La escolaridad (primaria y secundaria) y los apoyos gubernamentales no inciden en las tasas de ahorro de las jefaturas masculinas, pero sí en las femeninas. Se confirma la asociación negativa de las horas dedicadas al trabajo doméstico con la tasa de ahorro en los hogares de jefatura femenina.Palabras clave: género, ahorro, hogares, jefaturas femenina y masculina.Fecha de recepción: 11 de febrero de 2013. Fecha de aceptación: 17 de junio de 2013. Gender Differences in Factors Associated with Saving in Households in MexicoUnlike studies that analyze savings assuming a single type of household, this paper focuses on differences in the savings decisions of households with female and male headship in Mexico. The results of the Tobit model show that the factors affecting savings are different between the two. Educational attainment (primary and secondary school) and government supports affect the savings rates of female-headed but not male-headed households. The study confirms the negative link between hours spent on domestic work and the savings rates of women-headed households.

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Cambios y desigualdad en las familias latinoamericanas

Cited by 59 publications

References 0 publications

The ‘Feminisation of Poverty’ in Costa Rica: To What Extent a Conundrum?

The ‘Feminisation of Poverty’ in Costa Rica: To What Extent a Conundrum?

Economic Well‐Being in Salvadoran Transnational Families: How Gender Affects Remittance Practices

Diferencias de género en los factores asociados al ahorro de los hogares en México

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