Callus Induction of Fenugreek Trigonella Foenum-Graecum via Auxin Combined with Cytokinins Hormones, and Assessment of Toxicity via Brine Shrimp Assay

Abstract

Trigonella foenum-graecum (TFG) is a significant leguminous plant with diverse pharmacological effects. However, the resistant character of this plant accounts for significant difficulties in vitro multiplication, justifying the necessity to try new techniques for in vitro propagation of this plant. Hence, this study reports the effects of BAP, NAA, and 2,4-D on in vitro callus formation of seeds. The toxicity properties of seeds, plant, and callus aqueous extracts of TFG were measured by brine shrimp assay (BSA). Callus index, frequency of callus, callus weight, and morphology of callus were recorded after 30 days of culture. No callus formation was observed in the absence of plant growth regulators. The maximum callus formation observed in the MS media containing 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D, the highest mean of the callus index (52±9.5) with 100% frequency and callus yield (0.52±0.08 g) in 30 days of culture. The highest mean of callus index (37±0 4.05) for combination hormones with 100% callusing and yield (0.37±0.02 g) in 30 days of culture by 1.0 mg/l BAA with 0.5 mg/l NAA. Seeds extract of TFG showed the highest toxicity (954.99 µg/ml), aqueous plant extract (1237.98 µg/ml), and aqueous callus extract (1801 µg/ml) from BSA. Comparing individual hormones, the highest amount of callus in TFG can be yielded 2,4-D hormone alone, and a combination of BAP and NAA can yield 100% callus.

Efficient shoot regeneration of medicinal plant Haplophyllum tuberculatum by direct and indirect organogenesis and genetic fidelity assessment using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats markers

“…Thus it can be used effectively similarly to Kinetin. Agha et al (2022) evaluated the effects of BAP, NAA, and 2,4-D on vitro callus formation from fenugreek seeds. They achieved the highest amount of callus in the media containing both BAP and NAA combinations.…”

“…According to Agha et al (2022) findings with Fenugreek, though increasing concentrations of BAP increased shoot proliferation, the quality of plantlets was negatively affected ( Agha et al, 2022 ). These findings reinforce the general acceptance of its known function in micropropagation as the stimulant of the growth of axillary, adventitious, and foliar buds ( Pereira et al, 2018 ).…”

The Influence of Different Concentrations of Plant Hormones in Vitro on Seeds Germination of Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum)

“…Fenugreek originally came from the "Old World" Mediterranean region or portions of Asia. However, some have theorised that Turkey is its true origin [7][8][9]. Historically, fenugreek leaves and seeds were used for several therapeutic purposes, including treating mouth ulcers and chapped lips, treating baldness, and alleviating abdominal and abscess pain.…”

Overview of Thaumatococcus Daniellii Plant, History, Uses, Benefits, and Characterization

“…Studies have indicated the plant contains rutin pigment, which has a significant role in protecting the heart and is neuroprotective and an anti-diabetic compound and works to protect the kidneys [35][36][37]. T. daniellii contain saponin, which is found in the fenugreek plant, and works as an antiinflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, and immunomodulatory [38][39][40]. A study conducted by Matsubara, et al [41];…”