Callus Induction and Organogenesis in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cv. Pyramid from Mature Cotyledons and Embryos

Abstract

Soybean is one of the most important legumes of the world. Soybean plants are affected by several biotic and abiotic factors as well as insect pests and diseases which lower the quality and production of the crop. In order to overcome these biotic and abiotic challenges, a systematic crop improvement plan has to be followed in order to enhance crop production which involves the use of new technologies and developing new cultivars with desirable qualities. With the completion of the soybean genome sequencing project, it is anticipated that access to desirable gene sequences will advance soybean improvement efforts. Two general approaches for in vitro plant regeneration are used; somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos and organogenesis from mature parts of the plant and seeds. In vitro regeneration in soybean depends upon several physical, biochemical and genetic factors. Different genotypes respond differently to the method of regeneration used. Pyramid soybean is used in several breeding and mapping projects but does not have a regeneration procedure worked out. The goal of our project was to develop an in vitro regeneration procedure for soybean cv. Pyramid that would be amenable to genetic manipulations. We excised cotyledons and embryos from germinating seeds and induced callus with various concentrations of 2,4-D and NAA, used alone or in combination. 2,4-D at 3-21 M concentrations in the culture media produced 100% callus induction from cotyledons. After callus formation we transferred them to BAP and Kinetin containing culture media and obtained roots and shoots; 5 M BAP was the most effective for that purpose. Fully developed plants were transplanted to the pots in less than three months where they produced healthy seeds in July.

Callus induction and plant regeneration of Valeriana officinalis are affected by different leaf explants and various concentrations of plant growth regulators

“…In our study, middle pieces of leaves (L2) showed higher callus induction capacity than basal pieces of leaves with its petioles (L1 Zebarjadi et al (2011), the highest frequency of callus formation was achieved on a medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D (Das et al, 2012); 2,4-D was also effective in initiating callus in two types of explants (cotyledons and embryos) of soybean (Joyner et al, 2010). MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (6.78 and 9.05 μm) alone and in combination with or with .26 μm) induced callus in petiole explants of Viola serpens (Vishwakarma et al, 2013).…”

Changes in the Profiling of Fatty Acids of Glycine max L. (Soybean) Callus after Mutagen Treatments

“…Radhakrishnan & Ranjithakumari (2007) reported that the highest cell proliferation was obtained using half seed explant of the Indian soybean cv. CO3 in presence of 13.3µM benzyl amino purine (BAP) and 13.5µM 2,4-D. Joyner et al (2010) reported that mature cotyledons of soybean cv. Pyramid produced high amounts of calli when cultured either in the media with 2,4-D or/and NAA.…”

“…(soybean), is an important seed legume from the family Fabaceae. The ability of soybean to withstand various climatic zones and environmental conditions worldwide makes it one of the most precious oil seed crops (Joyner et al, 2010).…”

“…MS medium was widely used for callus initiation and maintenance of soybean by several investigators such asJoyner et al (2010),Phat et al (2015) andAbbasi et al (2016). Additions REHAB M. HAFEZ et al…”

In vitro Regeneration and Genetic Transformation of Soybean: Current Status and Future Prospects

“…Media compositions have a key role in shoot morphogenesis, the basal medium MS [37] is most commonly used for soybean organogenesis and the medium B5 [38] are useful in some approaches. Benzylaminopurine (BA) has been the most commonly used plant growth regulator either alone or in combination with a low concentration of cytokinins, kinetin or thidiazuron (TDZ) [22,39]. TDZ was reported to induce multiple bud tissue (MBT) from cotyledonary node axillary meristem which then gives shoots in the presence of BA [23].…”