2020
DOI: 10.34158/onoma.55/2020/3
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Calling people gods: Theonyms as bynames in medieval Finland and Karelia

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“…A distinction between a temporality of the gods and of mythic heroes is also absent because divine and human agents per se were not distinguished. The word jumala, which today means "god", earlier referred to a category of agency also used for powerful, living, ritual specialists (Frog 2021b). Similarly, the counter-roles in the mythology are not distinguished as a particular supernatural race like Scandinavian "giants"; they are simply the inhabitants of a particular otherworld community, like Pohjola (North-place), part of the household of an otherworld agent, such as Tuoni (Death), or identified as Lappalaizet (Laplanders), as in the case of the shooter of the Väinämöinen, whose act sets the creation of the world in motion.…”
Section: Culture-dependencementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…A distinction between a temporality of the gods and of mythic heroes is also absent because divine and human agents per se were not distinguished. The word jumala, which today means "god", earlier referred to a category of agency also used for powerful, living, ritual specialists (Frog 2021b). Similarly, the counter-roles in the mythology are not distinguished as a particular supernatural race like Scandinavian "giants"; they are simply the inhabitants of a particular otherworld community, like Pohjola (North-place), part of the household of an otherworld agent, such as Tuoni (Death), or identified as Lappalaizet (Laplanders), as in the case of the shooter of the Väinämöinen, whose act sets the creation of the world in motion.…”
Section: Culture-dependencementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similarly, the counter-roles in the mythology are not distinguished as a particular supernatural race like Scandinavian "giants"; they are simply the inhabitants of a particular otherworld community, like Pohjola (North-place), part of the household of an otherworld agent, such as Tuoni (Death), or identified as Lappalaizet (Laplanders), as in the case of the shooter of the Väinämöinen, whose act sets the creation of the world in motion. Protagonist-worthy agents were distinguished into three main groups that tended not to be conflated, but the structuring ideology was not a temporal one assigning them to different eras in series (Frog 2021b). Finno-Karelian mythic time thus encompassed the equivalent of Scandinavian pre-creation, cosmological, and mytho-heroic time.…”
Section: Culture-dependencementioning
confidence: 99%