California agriculture profitable and growing

Klonsky, Karen

doi:10.3733/ca.v066n03p78

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…Although total farmed land area in California decreased from 11.75 million ha in 1992 to 10.25 million ha in 2010, irrigated agricultural land area increased from 3.08 million ha in 1992 to 3.24 million ha in 2010 (Klonsky, 2012). Moreover, during the eight year time span farm lands cropped with orchards increased from 0.89 to 1.13 million ha because of the high cash values and consumer demands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Use Dynamics of Peach Trees under Postharvest Deficit Irrigation

Wang¹

2015

JAS

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Postharvest deficit irrigation is a potential strategy for conserving valuable fresh water for production of early season tree fruit crops such as peaches. However, water use dynamics under deficit irrigation conditions that can be described as seasonal changes in crop evapotranspiration (ET c ) and crop coefficient (K c ) are largely unknown. A three-year field study was carried out in a 1.6 ha peach orchard to determine seasonal ET c and K c characteristics. The orchard was divided equally into 72 plots, in which 12 randomly selected plots received deficit irrigation and the remaining 60 plots received full irrigation. A Bowen ratio flux tower was installed in the orchard to make meteorological measurements for estimating an integrated ET c for the orchard. The study showed that from July to August 75-85% of the daily net radiation was used by latent heat or partitioned into ET c . The average monthly cumulative ET c was 151 mm in June, 162 mm in July, and 155 mm in August. K c values under deficit irrigation conditions or termed as Deficit_K c was computed as ratios of the ET c over potential evapotranspiration or ET o , and were compared with K c derived from a lysimeter study under non-water stressed conditions or termed as Lysimeter_K c . The maximum Deficit_K c values were 0.90, 1.03, and 1.07 for the three field seasons but all were smaller than 1.20, the maximum Lysimeter_K c . The study demonstrated that water stress under deficit irrigation can be characterized in K c values. The approach may be used to detect if portions of an orchard or the entire orchard are under water stress. Conversely, the method may provide guidance on deploying deficit irrigation practices with pre-determined Deficit_K c .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Use Dynamics of Peach Trees under Postharvest Deficit Irrigation

Wang¹

2015

JAS

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Long-term productivity of early season peach trees under different irrigation methods and postharvest deficit irrigation

Wang

Zhang

Gartung

2020

Agricultural Water Management

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Functioning and development of conscious ability in communication, play, artistic activity

Moskalets¹

2021

PIS

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A necessary condition for the existence of conscious ability in the way of correlative correlation between the planes of mental acts (noesis) and content-meanings (noema) – is an activity. Despite the communicative content of other activities, there is actually a communicative activity – communication, the leading motive of which is communication itself. Psychological and physical contact with the object of such communication is a self-sufficient goal for the subject. The emotional-dispositional basis of his motivation is all kinds of love and amicability. Deprivation of communication causes serious damage to the mental health of almost all people. Therefore, communication is a basic condition and a way of normal functioning of human conscious ability, the main factor of mental development of speech as a basis for this ability of infants and young children, who desperately need communication, full of expressive manifestations of love and tenderness. Children, who suffer from the deprivation of such communication, noticeably lag behind in development: their own speech and understanding of what is addressed to them, intelligence, self-awareness, adequate emotionality, social activity and adaptability. Mechanisms of social-psychological interaction are gradually “connected” to the process of intuitive “interiorization” of infants and young children, the essence of which is that in the noems of the subject’s conscious ability, the attitude to him, to other people, to the world of authoritative and referent for him individuals and groups is reflected. The most powerful subjective factor of the effectiveness of a child’s personal development is authentic activity through the volitional effort required to follow the rules of the game that attracts and captures it. Children benevolently accept the restrictions required by the rules of the game and are happy to follow them, because these are the conditions for testing their mental and somatic life potential, because in the process of the game «play» the vital forces of the child that please her. Such pleasure is the emotional-motivational basis of any real game and the deep foundation of the psychological affinity of game self-limitation and self-overcoming with the morality and spirituality of a personality, and thus a subjective factor in the development of his spiritual-moral conscious ability. At the same time, its aesthetic sensitivity develops due to the fact that the rules of the game form the harmonious system that gives the aesthetic impression of the beauty of the game. The deep basis of motivation of artistic-figurative activity (creation and perception of works of art) is a secret human desire – freedom of spirit, liberation from the shackles of its biological and social “handcuff”. Therefore, the ideological-emotional core of the images of high art is the freedom-loving human spirit, which is subject to the urges caused by the biological nature of human and social taboos and imperatives that oppress him. In the process of artistic-figurative activity, the subject empathically identifies with the struggles of the spirit of the art works’ heroes. These empathic shifts of one’s own spiritual-moral ability delight the subject, who develops the emotional-dispositional foundations of corresponding noems of his conscious ability. Cognition requires a serious attitude and hard work, which is most motivated by interest in its content. An effective way of such interest is the game psychological content of teaching. In general, the question of including the game into cognitive activity makes sense only as a fulfillment of the learning process with game psychological content. To organically combine the hard efforts of students, which requires knowledge and assimilation of scientific truths and spiritual values with game attractiveness - is not easy, but possible, especially concerning subjects of artistic-aesthetic cycle due to the semantic affinity of motivation of game and artistic-figurative activities. A necessary condition for the humanistic mission of sport is that it must be a noble competition, that is, a real game.

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California agriculture profitable and growing

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Water Use Dynamics of Peach Trees under Postharvest Deficit Irrigation

Water Use Dynamics of Peach Trees under Postharvest Deficit Irrigation

Long-term productivity of early season peach trees under different irrigation methods and postharvest deficit irrigation

Functioning and development of conscious ability in communication, play, artistic activity

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