Abstract. The analysis of the human's position in the modern world suggests that faith in God is a vital factor in the state of their spiritual well-being and consequently the strategic paradigm for all forms of psychological help. For the unbiased mind, the miracles of grace and the axiological truth of the humanistic religions are convincing arguments in favour of choosing faith in God. They are evidence that the existence of this world, the being of humanity are blessed with meaning and purpose. An effective strategy in helping a person to shape their dispositional stance after they have rationally accepted faith in God is to emphasize a significant aspect of the true 'fear of God' -the one who believes in afterlife does not want to find themselves in Hell for their sins; it forms the psychological basis of compliance with religious moral guidelines. Keywords: faith in God, state of well-being, miracle, humanistic religion, being blessed with meaning and purpose, existential anxiety, frustration. Science does not provide evidence which could either confirm or refute the existence of the transcendental (supernatural) world and God as its integral embodiment (personification) in human religious consciousness. Though scientists can and should study why mankind embraces God because faith has an enormous positive influence on the human psyche and therefore on all social connections and relations. According to the strategic concept of the World Health Organization, the individual's general health depends on their subjective state of well-being; this indicates the utmost importance of investigating religious faith and its psychotherapeutic, psychocorrective, psychoprophylactic, psychohygienic possibilities.The psychotherapeutic aspects of faith in God was studied by many researchers (F. Schleiermacher, S. Kierkegaard, M. Heidegger, L. Shestov, K. Jaspers, G. Boysen, J. Oliver, W. James, P. Tillich and others), but the problem has never been analyzed in detail from the perspective of the general state of the individual's well-being.It is generally known that a person believes certain information to be true if they trust the individuals or groups who present it or the sources of information; the level of trust is in its turn fully determined by their prestige [3, p. 137-142]. Though employing practical, empirical and/or theoretical, scientific methods, one can verify the truthfulness and precision of information. For instance, millions of people believed in the communist and Nazi ideas, which proved utterly mendacious. The remarkable achievements of paleontology, comparative morphology, embryology, physiology, biochemistry, ethology, population genetics provide abundant evidence supporting Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, at least its basic ideas. I use the term trust in the meaning of considering something
A necessary condition for the existence of conscious ability in the way of correlative correlation between the planes of mental acts (noesis) and content-meanings (noema) – is an activity. Despite the communicative content of other activities, there is actually a communicative activity – communication, the leading motive of which is communication itself. Psychological and physical contact with the object of such communication is a self-sufficient goal for the subject. The emotional-dispositional basis of his motivation is all kinds of love and amicability. Deprivation of communication causes serious damage to the mental health of almost all people. Therefore, communication is a basic condition and a way of normal functioning of human conscious ability, the main factor of mental development of speech as a basis for this ability of infants and young children, who desperately need communication, full of expressive manifestations of love and tenderness. Children, who suffer from the deprivation of such communication, noticeably lag behind in development: their own speech and understanding of what is addressed to them, intelligence, self-awareness, adequate emotionality, social activity and adaptability. Mechanisms of social-psychological interaction are gradually “connected” to the process of intuitive “interiorization” of infants and young children, the essence of which is that in the noems of the subject’s conscious ability, the attitude to him, to other people, to the world of authoritative and referent for him individuals and groups is reflected. The most powerful subjective factor of the effectiveness of a child’s personal development is authentic activity through the volitional effort required to follow the rules of the game that attracts and captures it. Children benevolently accept the restrictions required by the rules of the game and are happy to follow them, because these are the conditions for testing their mental and somatic life potential, because in the process of the game «play» the vital forces of the child that please her. Such pleasure is the emotional-motivational basis of any real game and the deep foundation of the psychological affinity of game self-limitation and self-overcoming with the morality and spirituality of a personality, and thus a subjective factor in the development of his spiritual-moral conscious ability. At the same time, its aesthetic sensitivity develops due to the fact that the rules of the game form the harmonious system that gives the aesthetic impression of the beauty of the game. The deep basis of motivation of artistic-figurative activity (creation and perception of works of art) is a secret human desire – freedom of spirit, liberation from the shackles of its biological and social “handcuff”. Therefore, the ideological-emotional core of the images of high art is the freedom-loving human spirit, which is subject to the urges caused by the biological nature of human and social taboos and imperatives that oppress him. In the process of artistic-figurative activity, the subject empathically identifies with the struggles of the spirit of the art works’ heroes. These empathic shifts of one’s own spiritual-moral ability delight the subject, who develops the emotional-dispositional foundations of corresponding noems of his conscious ability. Cognition requires a serious attitude and hard work, which is most motivated by interest in its content. An effective way of such interest is the game psychological content of teaching. In general, the question of including the game into cognitive activity makes sense only as a fulfillment of the learning process with game psychological content. To organically combine the hard efforts of students, which requires knowledge and assimilation of scientific truths and spiritual values with game attractiveness - is not easy, but possible, especially concerning subjects of artistic-aesthetic cycle due to the semantic affinity of motivation of game and artistic-figurative activities. A necessary condition for the humanistic mission of sport is that it must be a noble competition, that is, a real game.
Дослідження питання вивчення релігійної самосвідомості військовослужбовців зумовлена впровадженням інституту військового капеланства у структуру силових відомств держави. А також необхідності пошуку нових ресурсів щодо збереження психічного здоров’я комбатантів. У статті проаналізовано основні дослідницькі підходи в психологічній науці щодо вивчення релігійної самосвідомості особистості. Теоретично розглянуто наступні дослідницькі підходи до вивчення релігійної самосвідомості військовослужбовців: історичний, порівняльний, контекстуальний і психолого-герменевтичний. Встановлено, що історичний підхід до розгляду релігійних феноменів полягає в тому, що їх досліджують в контексті життя суспільства, як результат певних умов існування людей. При історичному підході до релігійних феноменів вчені намагаються дослідити у діахронічному плані причини та наслідки в історії релігійних інститутів, ідей і способів дії. Порівняльний підхід до вивчення сучасної релігії передбачає виявлення загального й відмінного в різних релігіях у цей момент. Виділення груп з різною релігійною самоідентифікацією дозволяє чітко визначити особливості сучасної релігійної та атеїстичної свідомості. Контекстуальний підхід до вивчення релігії спрямований на визначення способів, через які впливають на релігію її соціальний, політичний та інший контексти. Психолого-герменевтичний підхід до вивчення сучасної релігії звертає увагу на змісти релігійних явищ й релігії для військовослужбовців або на інтерпретації, які їх дають військовослужбовці явищам і релігіям. Перспективою подальших наукових розвідок може бути вивчення питань щодо використання традиційних психологічних методів та стандартизованих методик вивчення релігійності курсантів вищих військових навчальних закладів.
The essential psychological properties of any activity are in its motivation and, consequently, in the goals that direct the subject to it as to a means of achieving them. The core of game activity motivation (game) are positively colored emotional experiences that actually arise in a person (consolation from excitement, spiritual uplift, etc.). Acquisition and use of material goods and / or social benefits do not appear to be its defining motives. And the game does not belong to the future or the past, but only to the present – to its very own course “here and now”. However, such motivational foundation is inherent not only to the game, but also to some other activities. The so-called game means used by other activities are divided into two types – educational-developmental (training, role, business, etc.) and psycho-correctional. In a subject who seeks to use such means effectively should dominate a motivation that corresponds to their purpose. Differentia specifiс of game activity is a creation of purely game pretended situations. Namely, this property is the predicate-discourse basis of the denotation of the term “game”. It is from “pretendness” that those connotative meanings of it and other associations are formed, which create definitive relativism in the semantic field of game activity. A notable condition of the played situations are the rules that provide the game order, while deviations from this order spoil and devalue the game. Like taboos and imperatives of all forms of regulation, the rules of the game do not allow and require self-restraint, which does not stimulate positively colored emotional reactions, because they limit the freedom of action. However, the subject accepts these rules voluntarily and gladly follows them, experiencing “courage” and demonstrating his mental and physical abilities (intelligence, agility, etc.), especially when his game impresses with skill, beauty, and admiration. It is noted that dizzying and amusing situations are essentially not games, but actually entertainment. It is claimed that the game itself and the game content of other activities contain a very noticeable developmental-educational potential, contributing to the successful mastering knowledge, skills, abilities and competencies by a person. First of all, we talk about such teaching methods as business and role-playing games, military training maneuvers, the specialists’ activity in special conditions. At the same time, game psycho-correctional methods, captivating each participant with their game content are designed to help him get rid of the consequences of mental traumas he suffered in life, or “slow down” in his psyche positive, but depressed, inhibited, properties. Therefore, the consolation, the pleasure of such self-purification is the psychological filling of the game content of these techniques. In addition, it is proved that the game develops aesthetic sensitivity – the ability to perceive beauty and enjoy it through the mediation of system, order, harmony and other aesthetic properties. Thus, the game is not only the absence of internal coercion, but also freedom of spirit, the release of mental energy. For example, the subject is immersed into virtual freedom of spirit both during creation and in the situation of perception of art, which pleases and attracts him by this very process. Anyway, a person is amused (“encouraged”) by his living spirit, the ability of his spirituality in empathic responses to artistic images. This basic content of motivation of artistic-aesthetic activity is semantically related to the game motivation. It is argued that the game and religion have similar properties: pretended situations, obligatory conditionalities, positive emotional coloring of the action process. However, this assimilation is the result of a purely theoretical understanding, while the full picture of the existence of the game is much more complex.
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