Calibration of liquid-in-glass thermometers

Heat transfer and temperature of foods during processing∗

“…291 may be particularly valid as vegetables during cooking are nonsteady state systems, that is, they do not transfer heat in the same way at each point in cooking. In evaluating heating by calculating a heat transfer coefficient, Ling et al 29 ' observed that degassing of vegetable particles would reduce heating time and thus affect its value. Table 10 shows values obtained from a number of studies.…”

“…Thermometers may be evaluated by use of calibrated thermometers. 29 ' 30 There are a number of temperature-activated color sensing devices. 31 " 34 Many of the data are obtained through the use of a thermocouple and recording potentiometer.…”

The gallium melting-point standard

“…The IPTS-68 distinguishes between the International Practical Kelvin Temperature, symbol Trh, and the International Practical Celsius Temperature, symbol f68= Tea -273. 15 K…”

“…1: Stirred-liquid comparison baths allow comparison of a thermistor probe with a certified reference thermometer, which may be a Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer or a precision mercury-in-glass thermometer (12, 13). Many journal articles and special publications adequately cover the techniques for such comparison methods (14)(15)(16); for example, the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, a voluntary national consensus standards organization, has rectly published a Tentative Standard (No. enti.…”