Calibration of engine parameters and fuel blend for vibration and noise characteristics in CRDI engine fuelled with low viscous biofuel

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Compression Ignition Engine Running on a Blend of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid and Biodiesel Produced from Orange Peel

“…Despite the numerous advantages offered by diesel engines, using conventional diesel for its operation makes it unfit and unsafe for the environment. The transportation sector, which is the largest fuel consumer, is associated with traffic congestion, which leads to idling in engines (Ashok et al, 2020;Rashid et al, 2012). During idling, vehicles operate under low load and low speed for prolonged duration and this is responsible for a quarter of fuel consumption and other serious consequences like emissions and engine wear (Ashok et al, 2020).…”

“…The transportation sector, which is the largest fuel consumer, is associated with traffic congestion, which leads to idling in engines (Ashok et al, 2020;Rashid et al, 2012). During idling, vehicles operate under low load and low speed for prolonged duration and this is responsible for a quarter of fuel consumption and other serious consequences like emissions and engine wear (Ashok et al, 2020). Diesel also contributes a large share to the world's carbon footprint (Ashok et al, 2020;Fasogbon et al, 2021).…”

“…During idling, vehicles operate under low load and low speed for prolonged duration and this is responsible for a quarter of fuel consumption and other serious consequences like emissions and engine wear (Ashok et al, 2020). Diesel also contributes a large share to the world's carbon footprint (Ashok et al, 2020;Fasogbon et al, 2021). For example, the global emission produced by the transport sector in 2014 was around 7.0GtCO2 equivalent and diesel accounts for 70% of the fuel consumed in this industry (Oladunni et al, 2022).…”

“…About 95% of the waste generated during orange juice production or direct consumption is orange peel and the mismanagement of this waste can lead to air, water and soil contamination (Ortiz et al, 2020). The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nation indicated that orange is the most produced organic product, with Brazil as the main producer (Ashok et al, 2020). Brazil produces about 19.2 million metric tonnes of the total 105 million metric tons of orange produced globally per annum (Rashid et al, 2012).…”

“…Brazil produces about 19.2 million metric tonnes of the total 105 million metric tons of orange produced globally per annum (Rashid et al, 2012). The orange industry delivers an estimate of 25 to 30 mt of wastes annually while a significant fraction of the overall municipal solid wastes generated globally emanates from food waste (Ashok et al, 2020;Dhiman and Mukharjee, 2020). Generally, food wastes account for almost one-third of the entire food produced worldwide for human consumption (Dhiman and Mukharjee, 2020).…”