Utilizing every available technology in improving the effectiveness of sustainable energy schemes is an important tool that should be harnessed in the war against fossil fuel and other problems associated with global warming.Enhancing sustainable energy schemes is fundamental to improving the rate of global energy efficiency coupled with decreasing the share of carbon systems in the global energy mix. With the integration of modern technologies like the internet of things (IoT), machine learning, and artificial intelligence, energy systems are generally smarter, more efficient, reliable and also possess the potential to mitigate global energy problems. This paper reviews the application of IoT in wind farms and the energy sector at large. It establishes that integrating IoT into wind farms has the potential to save about 50 million to 230 million US dollars of its operation expenses, improve the current 743 GW global wind power capacity to an amount substantial to enable it supply 20% of the world's electricity by 2030 and also allow wind energy technology to hold a good share in the 100 billion objects that is expected to be connected to the internet by 2025. In addition to this, it reviews the challenges associated with the deployment of IoT in wind farms and the future of block-chain technology and green IoT in energy systems.

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This study evaluates the performance and emission characteristics of an orange peel biodiesel blended with cashew nut shell liquid. It investigates the efficacy of cashew nut shell liquid in reducing nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions resulting from the combustion of the biodiesel, while optimizing its performance.The biodiesel was prepared via transesterification. It was obtained by reacting orange peel oil produced through Soxhlet extraction with methanol in the presence of NaOH. The biodiesel was blended with cashew nut shell liquid in the ratio 70%:30% (B70).Experimental results demonstrate that blending cashew nut shell liquid with orange peel biodiesel causes a slight decrease in NOX emission. B70 generates 150 ppm of NOX, while B100 and diesel produce 159 ppm and 193 ppm, respectively. The hydrocarbon emission of B70 was 8% lower than that of B100 and 22.3% lower than that of diesel. As regards CO and CO2 emission, B70 performs better than B100 and diesel. The performance parameters were computed at brake powers of 2.5 kW, 5.0 kW, 7.5 kW, and 10 kW. In comparison to diesel and B100, B70 has higher brake thermal efficiency at all loads. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of B70 is higher than that of diesel, but less than that of B100 at 2.5 kW and 5.0 kW. At 7.5 kW and 10 kW, the BSFC of B70 is higher than that of B100 and diesel. Conclusively, B70 gives optimal performance and less emission. Hence, cashew nut shell liquid is a good additive.

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As a result of the damaging effects they have on the climate, recent campaigns against fossil fuels, constantly emphasize the need to completely eliminate their use. To this effect, is a pressing need to source for other sources of energy that have the ability to decrease the level of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. These alternatives have to be easily accessible and should contribute to the industrial expansion of developing regions, especially Sub-saharan Africa. Poor access to electricity is a major challenge that contributes to the retarded state of development of some countries in Sub-saharan Africa, and renewable energy alternatives, such as biofuels, can perfectly solve this oddity. Biofuels possess unique attributes that can help the world attain a state of energy security and energy balance. The depletion of fossil fuels and other factors like technological advancement and current industrial expansion occurring in most countries in Sub-saharan Africa poses a threat to the availability of energy in the region and it is a major setback to the achievement of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal 7. Narrowing down to the use of biodiesels, implementing their use can save the continent from a lot of damage and build up a more sustainable energy sector. Massive deployment of Biodiesels into the energy sector of Sub-saharan Africa will not only ease the difficulty in accessing energy, it will also boost the agricultural sector and economy of the countries that constitute the region. This paper reviews the current state of biodiesel in the African sub-saharan region.