Calibrating a gas chromatograph to measure tritium using calorimetry

Overview of R&D at TLK for process and analytical issues on tritium management in breeder blankets of ITER and DEMO

“…Together with pVT (pressure, volume and temperature) data, the specific activities of the gases have been used as reference for GC calibration. A good agreement has been found between both gases and in a whole GC measurement could be certified within 5% accuracy [38].…”

Monitoring of the operating parameters of the KATRIN Windowless Gaseous Tritium Source

“…Typical methods for quantitative analysis of tritium, e.g. gas chromatography [31] and liquid Representative Raman spectrum of a gas mixture with p tot = 217 mbar and T > 90%. The Raman branches are labelled according to [33].…”

“…Typical methods for quantitative analysis of tritium, e.g. gas chromatography [32] and liquid scintillation counting [33], are not suitable for nonstop operation at the KATRIN experiment because of the duration of the measurement procedure (typically 250 s), the need of sample extraction and the continuous waste production. In contrast, Laser Raman spectroscopy is a non-contact and in-line method which is based on the inelastic Raman scattering [34] of light from gas molecules and continuous monitoring in measurement intervals of < 250 s is feasible.…”

Experimental Validation of a Novel Generator of Gas Mixtures Based on Axial Gas Pulses Coupled to a Micromixer

“…For example, liquid standards are used for the calibration of spectrophotometers [ 24 , 25 ] and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) devices. Standard gases are mainly used for the calibration of sensors [ 26 , 27 , 28 ], gas chromatographs [ 29 , 30 ] and other fluorescence detectors [ 31 ]. This calibration, on which the reliability of the measurements made by the analytical apparatus strongly depends, is crucial and must be accurate, repeatable, and reproducible in order to guarantee the quality of measurements over time.…”