Calculation of structure-borne sound in a direct drive wind turbine

Cardaun, Martin; Schelenz, Ralf; Jacobs, Georg; Duda, Tobias

doi:10.1007/s10010-021-00443-4

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Since load distribution has a nonnegligible influence on the structure-borne sound transfer, advanced bearing models are deployed which take individual roller loads and displacements in account. A more detailed description of this method can be found in [8].…”

Section: Modelling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bewertung einer Kupplung der Low Speed Stage im Hinblick auf die Körperschallausbreitung in einer Windenergieanlage

Cardaun

Schünemann

Schelenz

et al. 2023

Forsch Ingenieurwes

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Due to recent advances in the field of broadband aerodynamic noise, tonalities of wind turbines (WT) are increasingly coming into focus in the wind industry. In this case, the structure is excited inside the drivetrain and the structure-borne sound propagates through the machinery and ultimately to the surfaces of the WT, where it is radiated into the ambient air. Since any tonalities are a system characteristic, they should be considered at an early stage of product development. On the one hand, great efforts are being made to develop ever lower-toned drivetrains. On the other hand, tonalities can efficiently be neutralised by systematically decoupling the excitations in the drivetrain from the sound-emitting surfaces of the wind turbine. In addition to the well-studied behaviour regarding the decoupling of non-torque rotor loads from the drivetrain, in this paper the influence of a low speed stage (LSS) coupling on the structure-borne sound propagation inside of an integrated drivetrain is investigated. In a previous study at the Center for Wind Power Drives, it could be shown that in an integrated drivetrain, the transfer paths through the main shaft and subsequently the main bearing becomes the dominant transfer path. This is in contrast to classic bearing configurations where the torque arms of the gearbox are the dominant transfer paths of excitations from the gearbox, revealing an increased potential of LSS Couplings especially for integrated drivetrains. Detailed numerical investigations are performed in order to understand and quantify the usage of a LSS coupling for lowering sound power levels of a WT.

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Section: Modelling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bewertung einer Kupplung der Low Speed Stage im Hinblick auf die Körperschallausbreitung in einer Windenergieanlage

Cardaun

Schünemann

Schelenz

et al. 2023

Forsch Ingenieurwes

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“…In order to model the structural motion of rotor and stator a modal approach is chosen [3]. The elastic deformation of the whole flexible body is obtained from the superposition of its modal behaviour.…”

Section: Validation Of Structur Borne Sound Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model includes all relevant drivetrain components with their respective structural eigenmodes in the frequency range of interest. A detailed description of the model as well as a discussion on the bearing modeling approach is given in [3]. Due to the detailed generator and bearing models included in the MBS model a large amount of DOF is present in order to allow the force application on the structure in high resolution.…”

Section: Calculation Of Turbine Dynamics and Structure Borne Sound Tr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the doppler-effect due to the rotation of the rotorblades can be considered. In addition, a large amount of kinematical and elastic degrees of freedom (DOF) in the relevant frequency range is considered [3]. Therefore a novel approach has been developed for the decrease of elastic DOF while maintaining sufficiently low errors [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Physical Simulation Toolchain for the Prediction of Acoustic Emissions of Direct Drive Wind Turbines

Cardaun

Mülder

Decker

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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To address the acoustic behaviour of wind turbines, particularly tonalities, in an early design stage, accurate simulation toolchains have to be developed. In this work a novel simulation approach for the prediction of tonalities of direct drive wind turbines is presented. Comprehensive work is carried out in the fields of electromagnetic force excitation, structural sound transfer and radiation as well as airborne sound propagation. The developed methods are combined to a simulation toolchain to formulate a multi-physical system model of a direct drive wind turbine in order to predict tonal sound behaviour. These methods will be presented and discussed in detail in the course of this work. First, the approach, integrating the electromagnetic airgap forces of the large generator into a multi body simulation model of the mechanical turbine, is explained and validated with test bench measurements. Following, the modeling of the respective mbs is presented which calculates the resulting surface velocities. This model is solved in the time domain to account for the interaction between the external loads that are highly nonlinear and low-frequency and the high-frequency excitation forces of the generator. Subsequently, the methods for calculating the airborne sound emission in the vincinity of the turbine resulting from the surface velocities are discussed.

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“…Coupled models, including a full WT, were introduced by Sethuraman et al (2017) and Cardaun et al (2021). Cardaun et al (2021) use a look-up table for the electromagnetic forces at each magnetic pole that depends on the local air gap length.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of electro-mechanical interactions in wind turbines

Lüdecke,

Schmid,

Cheng

2024

Preprint

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Abstract. Large direct drive wind turbines with a multi-megawatt power rating face design challenges due to scaling laws for high-torque generators. This work proposes to extend the design space by moving towards a more system-oriented approach. This requires an extension of the state-of-the-art wind turbine models with additional degrees of freedom to include electro-mechanical interactions. To limit the computational effort of such models, a profound understanding of possible interaction mechanisms is required. This work aims to identify interactions of an additional degree of freedom in the radial direction of the generator with the wind turbine structure, the aerodynamics and the wind turbine controller. Therefore, a Simpack model of the IEA 15MW RWT is implemented and coupled to a quasi-static analytical generator model for electromagnetic forces. The analytical model, sourced from literature, is code-to-code validated against a finite element model of the generator in Comsol Multiphysics. Electro-mechanical simulation results do not show interactions with the aerodynamics or the controller. However, interactions with the wind turbine structure occur. It is shown that the modelling approach can affect the system's natural frequencies, which can potentially impact the overall system design choices.

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Calculation of structure-borne sound in a direct drive wind turbine

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Bewertung einer Kupplung der Low Speed Stage im Hinblick auf die Körperschallausbreitung in einer Windenergieanlage

Bewertung einer Kupplung der Low Speed Stage im Hinblick auf die Körperschallausbreitung in einer Windenergieanlage

Multi-Physical Simulation Toolchain for the Prediction of Acoustic Emissions of Direct Drive Wind Turbines

Identification of electro-mechanical interactions in wind turbines

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