Calculation of Honeycomb Paperboard Resistance to Edge Crush Test

Kmita-Fudalej, Gabriela; Szewczyk, W.; Kołakowski, Zbigniew

doi:10.3390/ma13071706

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…In the literature, authors have applied many different approaches for strength investigations of corrugated sandwich structures, including paperboard, i.e., analytical [ 1 , 2 ], numerical [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], or analytical-numerical [ 8 , 9 , 10 ] methods. Recently, Kmita-Fudalej et al presented an analytical prediction of the strength of honeycomb paperboard based on the mechanical properties of the paper used and the geometrical features of the investigated structure [ 11 ]. Park et al performed numerical simulation using the finite element method (FEM) in order to estimate the strength in the edge crush test (ECT) [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Field Measurements in the Edge Crush Test of a Corrugated Board—Analytical and Numerical Predictive Models

2021

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This article focuses on the derivation of simplified predictive models for the identification of the overall compressive stiffness and strength of corrugated cardboards. As a representative example an unsymmetrical 5-ply sample (with E and B flute) was used in this study. In order to exclude unreliable displacement measurement in the standard edge crush test, virtual strain gauges were used. Video extensometry was employed to collect measurements from the outer surfaces of the sample on both sides. Additional data allowed real force-displacement curves to be obtained, which were used in the validation procedure. To emulate the experimental results, besides a simple analytical model, a 3D numerical model fully reflecting the geometry of the corrugated board, based on the finite elements method was also built. In both cases good agreement between the experimental results and the analytical and numerical calculations was observed. This proved that the proposed analytical model can be successfully used to determine the overall stiffness and compressive strength of corrugated board, provided that the geometry and properties of all the layers of the board are known. The simple model presented in this work enables quick and reliable design and prototyping of new assemblies without the need to manufacture them.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Field Measurements in the Edge Crush Test of a Corrugated Board—Analytical and Numerical Predictive Models

2021

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“…As reported by European and global organizations monitoring the pulp and paper industry, in 2018, more than half of the global paper production was constituted by testliner [ 1 , 23 ]. This paper is mainly used to produce the recycled corrugated panel, both for a sinusoidal core, where its transversal shear properties are significant [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], and for facings, where its properties are related to edge crush resistance are important [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. In addition, this paper is used to produce paper fillings (honeycomb cores), used in the production of a three-layer lightweight panel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Impregnation with Modified Starch of a Paper Core on Bending of Wood-Based Honeycomb Panels in Changing Climatic Conditions

et al. 2022

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The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of impregnation of the paper core with acetylated starch on the mechanical properties and absorbed energy in the three-point bending test of wood-based honeycomb panels under varying temperatures and relative air humidity conditions. Nearly six hundred beams in various combinations, three types of facings, three core cells geometries, and two paper thicknesses were tested. The experiment results and their statistical analysis prove a significant relationship between the impregnation of paper with modified starch and mechanical properties. The most effective in absorbing energy, the honeycomb panels, consisted of a core with a wall thickness of 0.25 mm and a particleboard facing.

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“…Analytical methods, starting already in the 1950s, were presented, e.g., in [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], whereas numerical methods can be found in [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], and analytical-numerical techniques in [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Analytical calculations of the edge crush resistance of cellular paperboard, both in MD and CD, based on the paperboard’s geometric parameters and the mechanical properties of the materials used for its production, was discussed by Kmita-Fudalej et al [ 17 ]. Park et al [ 18 ] investigated the edgewise compression behavior of corrugated paperboard while applying the finite element method (FEM) as well as experimental analysis, i.e., load vs. displacement plots, edge crush tests (ECT) and failure mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Edge Crush Test Configuration Enhanced with Full-Field Strain Measurements

2021

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The standard edge crush test (ECT) allows the determination of the crushing strength of the corrugated cardboard. Unfortunately, this test cannot be used to estimate the compressive stiffness, which is an equally important parameter. This is because any attempt to determine this parameter using current lab equipment quickly ends in a fiasco. The biggest obstacle is obtaining a reliable measurement of displacements and strains in the corrugated cardboard sample. In this paper, we present a method that not only allows for the reliable identification of the stiffness in the loaded direction of orthotropy in the corrugated board sample, but also the full orthotropic material stiffness matrix. The proposed method uses two samples: (a) traditional, cut crosswise to the wave direction of the corrugated core, and (b) cut at an angle of 45°. Additionally, in both cases, an optical system with digital image correlation (DIC) was used to measure the displacements and strains on the outer surfaces of samples. The use of a non-contact measuring system allowed us to avoid using the measurement of displacements from the crosshead, which is burdened with a large error. Apart from the new experimental configuration, the article also proposes a simple algorithm to quickly characterize all sought stiffness parameters. The obtained results are finally compared with the results obtained in the homogenization procedure of the cross-section of the corrugated board. The results were consistent in both cases.

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Calculation of Honeycomb Paperboard Resistance to Edge Crush Test

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Full-Field Measurements in the Edge Crush Test of a Corrugated Board—Analytical and Numerical Predictive Models

Full-Field Measurements in the Edge Crush Test of a Corrugated Board—Analytical and Numerical Predictive Models

Influence of Impregnation with Modified Starch of a Paper Core on Bending of Wood-Based Honeycomb Panels in Changing Climatic Conditions

New Edge Crush Test Configuration Enhanced with Full-Field Strain Measurements

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